Children with progression of the disease resulting in additional medical therapy (complications) (measured as proportion of participants) · prolonged wet cough in children
Antibiotics probably leads to lower children with progression of the disease resulting in additional… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure within 4 weeks ‐ current drugs only · exacerbations of COPD
Antibiotics may leads to lower treatment failure within 4 weeks ‐ current drugs only compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (timing not specified) · exacerbations of COPD
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ overall (any adverse events not specified) compared with placebo overall (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · exacerbations of COPD
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure within 4 weeks ‐ current drugs only ‐ inpatient · exacerbations of COPD
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in treatment failure within 4 weeks ‐ current drugs only ‐ inpatient compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure within 4 weeks ‐ drugs not currently used ‐ ICU · exacerbations of COPD
Antibiotics probably leads to lower treatment failure within 4 weeks ‐ drugs not currently used ‐ ICU compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of stay (inpatients only) · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of hospital stay (days) ‐ ICU patients · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Inpatient mortality · exacerbations of COPD
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ inpatients compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
ICU mortality · exacerbations of COPD
Antibiotics probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality ‐ ICU patients compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Diarrhoea · exacerbations of COPD
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ diarrhoea compared with placebo overall (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who were not cured at · children < 24 months with ongoing symptoms (cough/wheeze) post‐acute bronchiolitis
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in number of participants who were not cured at compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants rehospitalised for a respiratory illness · children < 24 months with ongoing symptoms (cough/wheeze) post‐acute bronchiolitis
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in number of participants rehospitalised for a respiratory illness compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with recurrent wheeze · children < 24 months with ongoing symptoms (cough/wheeze) post‐acute bronchiolitis
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with recurrent wheeze compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in exacerbation frequency compared with 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 1.02 [0.84, 1.24]
Studies not reported
Moderate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.83 [0.37, 1.86]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Frequency of hospital admissions for pulmonary exacerbations ‐ not measured · people with bronchiectasis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen probably leads to lower exacerbation frequency compared with 14 days on/off placebo regimen (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 0.75 [0.61, 0.93]
Studies not reported
Moderate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with 28 days on/off placebo regimen (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1 [0.68, 1.46]
Studies not reported
Low