Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,320 questions · 4,561 findings · 388 reviews

No studies found 1,138 · 25%GRADE not reported 886 · 19.4%Very low 1,014 · 22.2%Low 849 · 18.6%Moderate 543 · 11.9%High 131 · 2.9%

Immunisation outreach vs usual care

Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 25 years of age · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether immunisation outreach changes proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 25… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunisation outreach vs usual care

Fully immunised children ( · children under 5 years of age

Immunisation outreach probably leads to higher proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all… compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Immunisation outreach vs usual care

Fully immunised ‐ regular immunisation outreach + non‐monetary incentive ( · children under 5 years of age

Immunisation outreach probably leads to higher proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all… compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Health education vs usual care

Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children under 5 years of age

Health education may leads to higher proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age · children under 5 years of age

Integration of immunisation with other health services may leads to higher proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Started toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste before 4 years (earlier start) vs Started after 4 years (later start)

Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years

It is very uncertain whether started toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste before 4 years… changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with started after 4 years (later start) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Vegetable consumption behaviour: proportion in the Action Stage of Change (versus Pre-Action) · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK
1 finding from 1 review

Dietary counselling tailored to a Stage of Change (Transtheoretical Model) to increase fruit and vegetable intake (two counselling sessions) vs usual care

Fruit consumption behaviour: proportion in the Action Stage of Change (versus Pre-Action) · Edentulous patients aged 45 to 80 years attending dental-student teaching clinics for replacement dentures, Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

Diarrhoea (three liquid stools in a single day) (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

Respiratory infections (as measured by trialists) (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

All‐cause death (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added vs fortified wheat flour with same micronutrients (but not iron)

Diarrhoea (three liquid stools in a single day) (only in children 2 to 11 years of age) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review