Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,751 questions · 12,775 findings · 807 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,413 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 709 · 5.5%Very low 3,483 · 27.3%Low 3,165 · 24.8%Moderate 1,628 · 12.7%High 377 · 3%

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Intervention vs active comparison

Outcome domain · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention vs active comparison

SGRQ Total SGRQ (Total) Score. Scale from: 0 to 100. Lower score indicates better quality of life. · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Visual acuity · infantile nystagmus syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in head posture ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in intensity of the nystagmus waveform · infantile nystagmus syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in foveation period durations of the waveform ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in visual recognition times ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in proportion of participants with adverse effects with a probable causal link to the treatment · infantile nystagmus syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in quality of life · infantile nystagmus syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

Vertebral fracture by radiography · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 3‐4

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs may leads to lower vertebral fracture by radiography compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.39, 0.69]
5 studies · 9054 participants
Low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Vertebral fracture by radiography · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Raloxifene vs placebo

Clinical fracture · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes clinical fracture compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.87]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Mean change in BMD of the femoral neck · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes mean change in BMD of the femoral neck compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.01 [0, 0.02]
2 studies · 110 participants
Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Mean change in BMD of the lumbar spine · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

Raloxifene may leads to higher mean change in BMD of the lumbar spine compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.03 [0.03, 0.04]
2 studies · 110 participants
Low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Total hip BMD · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Raloxifene vs placebo

Mean change in BMD of the distal radius · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Raloxifene vs placebo

Adverse events · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 110 participants
Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Death · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes death compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1
2 studies · 110 participants
Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

QoL · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

Clinical fracture · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 3‐4

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs showed no clear difference in clinical fracture compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.79, 1.05]
4 studies · 5827 participants
Moderate