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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antioxidants vs no intervention Serious adverse events (proportion) · participants with non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Pharmacological interventions for non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants vs no intervention Serious adverse events (number of events) · participants with non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Pharmacological interventions for non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2017) · Cochrane | rate ratio 0.89 [0.36, 2.19] | 2 studies · 254 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · participants with non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Pharmacological interventions for non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bile acids vs no intervention Mortality at maximal · participants with non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Pharmacological interventions for non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 5.11 [0.24, 107.34] | 4 studies · 659 participants | Very low |
Bile acids vs no intervention Serious adverse events (proportion) · participants with non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Pharmacological interventions for non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.56 [0.84, 2.88] | 3 studies · 404 participants | Very low |
Bile acids vs no intervention Serious adverse events (number of events) · participants with non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Pharmacological interventions for non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2017) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.01 [0.66, 1.54] | 3 studies · 404 participants | Very low |
Bile acids vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · participants with non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Pharmacological interventions for non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Thiazolidinediones vs no intervention Mortality at maximal · participants with non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Pharmacological interventions for non‐alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Very low |
Lamivudine vs no intervention Short‐term mortality (< 1 year) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.29 [0.33, 4.99] | 2 studies · 250 participants | Very low |
Interferon vs no intervention Progression to fulminant HBV infection · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interferon vs no intervention Serious adverse events · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Interferon vs no intervention Adverse events (proportion) (4 to 6 months) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | OR 348.16 [45.39, 2670.26] | 2 studies · 200 participants | Low |
Interferon vs no intervention Adverse events (number of events) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interferon vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life (1 week) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Lamivudine vs no intervention Progression to chronic HBV infection (6 to 12 months) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.99 [1.05, 3.77] | 3 studies · 285 participants | Very low |
Lamivudine vs no intervention Progression to fulminant HBV infection · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lamivudine vs no intervention Serious adverse events (6 to 12 months) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 250 participants | Very low |
Lamivudine vs no intervention Adverse events (proportion) (12 months) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.42 [0.34, 5.94] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Lamivudine vs no intervention Adverse events (number of events) (12 months) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.72 [1.01, 2.91] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Lamivudine vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life (1 week) · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interferon vs no intervention Short‐term mortality · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interferon vs no intervention Progression to chronic HBV infection · people with acute HBV infection Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glucocorticosteroids vs no intervention Mortality at maximal · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.67, 1.08] | 12 studies · 1147 participants | Very low |
Pentoxifylline vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Colchicine vs no intervention Mortality at maximal · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.31 [0.47, 3.64] | 2 studies · 139 participants | Very low |
Colchicine vs no intervention Early mortality (mortality up to 90 days) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 3.18 [0.13, 81.01] | 1 study · 69 participants | Very low |
Colchicine vs no intervention Serious adverse events (proportion) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Colchicine vs no intervention Serious adverse events (number) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Colchicine vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin plus glucagon vs no intervention Mortality at maximal · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.14 [0.69, 1.9] | 5 studies · 265 participants | Very low |
Insulin plus glucagon vs no intervention Early mortality (mortality up to 90 days) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.57 [0.92, 7.15] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Insulin plus glucagon vs no intervention Serious adverse events (proportion) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin plus glucagon vs no intervention Serious adverse events (number) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glucocorticosteroids vs no intervention Early mortality (mortality up to 90 days) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.71, 1.39] | 4 studies · 672 participants | Very low |
Insulin plus glucagon vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention Mortality at maximal · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [0.5, 2.72] | 2 studies · 108 participants | Very low |
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention Early mortality (mortality up to 90 days) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention Serious adverse events (proportion) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention Serious adverse events (number) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glucocorticosteroids vs no intervention Mortality at maximal · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.63, 1.21] | 2 studies · 607 participants | Very low |
Glucocorticosteroids vs no intervention Early mortality (mortality up to 90 days) · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.01 [0.71, 1.43] | 2 studies · 607 participants | Very low |
Glucocorticosteroids vs no intervention Serious adverse events (proportion) · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.37 [0.98, 1.93] | 1 study · 546 participants | Very low |
Glucocorticosteroids vs no intervention Serious adverse events (number) · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glucocorticosteroids vs no intervention Serious adverse events (proportion) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity) Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.37 [0.98, 1.93] | 1 study · 546 participants | Very low |
Glucocorticosteroids vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pentoxifylline vs no intervention Mortality at maximal · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.59, 1.07] | 4 studies · 726 participants | Very low |
Pentoxifylline vs no intervention Early mortality (mortality up to 90 days) · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.18 [0.81, 1.74] | 1 study · 545 participants | Very low |
Pentoxifylline vs no intervention Serious adverse events (proportion) · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.76, 1.51] | 1 study · 545 participants | Very low |
Pentoxifylline vs no intervention Serious adverse events (number) · participants with severe alcoholic hepatitis Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |