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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tubal flushing with oil‐soluble contrast media (OSCM) vs no intervention Clinical pregnancy · women with subfertility Tubal flushing for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 3.54 [2.08, 6.02] | 4 studies · 506 participants | Low |
Tubal flushing with oil‐soluble contrast media (OSCM) vs no intervention Intravasation · women with subfertility Tubal flushing for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tubal flushing with oil‐soluble contrast media (OSCM) vs no intervention Infection · women with subfertility Tubal flushing for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tubal flushing with oil‐soluble contrast media (OSCM) vs no intervention Haemorrhage · women with subfertility Tubal flushing for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tubal flushing with oil‐soluble contrast media (OSCM) vs no intervention Long‐term complications · women with subfertility Tubal flushing for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tubal flushing with water‐soluble contrast media (WSCM) vs no intervention Live birth · women with subfertility Tubal flushing for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.13 [0.67, 1.91] | 1 study · 334 participants | Low |
Tubal flushing with water‐soluble contrast media (WSCM) vs no intervention Clinical pregnancy · women with subfertility Tubal flushing for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.14 [0.71, 1.84] | 1 study · 334 participants | Low |
Tubal flushing with water‐soluble contrast media (WSCM) vs no intervention Intravasation · women with subfertility Tubal flushing for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Live birth rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Miscarriage Rate ‐ Intramural/Subserous · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.1, 6.54] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Miscarriage Rate ‐ Intramural/Submucous · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 2 [0.32, 12.33] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Caesarean section rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic myomectomy vs myomectomy by laparotomy or mini‐laparotomy Live birth rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.42, 1.5] | 2 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic myomectomy vs myomectomy by laparotomy or mini‐laparotomy Preterm delivery rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.11, 4.29] | 2 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic myomectomy vs myomectomy by laparotomy or mini‐laparotomy Clinical pregnancy rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.52, 1.78] | 2 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic myomectomy vs myomectomy by laparotomy or mini‐laparotomy Ongoing pregnancy rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.61 [0.26, 10.04] | 1 study · 115 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic myomectomy vs myomectomy by laparotomy or mini‐laparotomy Miscarriage Rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.25 [0.4, 3.89] | 2 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic myomectomy vs myomectomy by laparotomy or mini‐laparotomy Caesarean section rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.69 [0.34, 1.39] | 2 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Monopolar resectoscope vs bipolar resectoscope Live birth rate/ ongoing pregnancy ratea · hysteroscopic myomectomy for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.3, 2.5] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Preterm delivery rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Monopolar resectoscope vs bipolar resectoscope Preterm delivery rate · hysteroscopic myomectomy for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Monopolar resectoscope vs bipolar resectoscope Clinical pregnancy rate · hysteroscopic myomectomy for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.33, 2.36] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Monopolar resectoscope vs bipolar resectoscope Miscarriage rate · hysteroscopic myomectomy for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.19, 5.34] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Monopolar resectoscope vs bipolar resectoscope Caesarean section rate · hysteroscopic myomectomy for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Clinical pregnancy rate ‐ Intramural · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.88 [0.57, 6.14] | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Clinical pregnancy rate ‐ Submucous · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 2.04 [0.62, 6.66] | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Clinical pregnancy rate ‐ Intramural/Subserous · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 2 [0.4, 10.09] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Clinical pregnancy rate ‐ Intramural/Submucous · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 3.24 [0.72, 14.57] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Ongoing pregnancy rate · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Miscarriage Rate ‐ Intramural · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.26, 6.78] | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Myomectomy vs no treatment Miscarriage Rate ‐ Submucous · fibroids for infertility Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.27 [0.27, 5.97] | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Outcomes per woman · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Miscarriage · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.75, 1.41] | 10 studies · 1680 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Ongoing pregnancy · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.51, 0.9] | 5 studies · 1121 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Clinical pregnancy · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.56 [0.42, 0.73] | 5 studies · 1131 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cumulative live birth · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.66, 1.66] | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Live birth rate after the first embryo transfer · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.1 [0.68, 1.79] | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Miscarriage · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.45 [0.23, 0.88] | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Ongoing pregnancy · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical pregnancy · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.5, 1.16] | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Outcomes per woman · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cumulative live birth · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.59 [0.35, 1.01] | 1 study · 408 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Live birth rate after the first embryo transfer · couples with an in vitro fertilisation indication Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.62 [0.43, 0.91] | 10 studies · 1680 participants | Moderate |
Metformin vs oral contraceptive pill (OCP) Hirsutism ‐ Clinical F‐G score · adult women with PCOS Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Metformin vs metformin combined with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) Improved menstrual pattern · adult women with PCOS Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs metformin combined with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) Acne ‐ Visual analogue scale/Clinical acne score · adult women with PCOS Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs metformin combined with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) BMI (kg/m2) · adult women with PCOS Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 199 participants | Low |
Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP Hirsutism ‐ Clinical F‐G score · aAdult women with PCOS Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 389 participants | Low |
Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP Adverse events ‐ Severe · aAdult women with PCOS Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.2 [0.06, 0.72] | 5 studies · 228 participants | Low |
Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP Adverse events ‐ Minor · aAdult women with PCOS Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.06 [0.01, 0.44] | 2 studies · 98 participants | Low |