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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Appetite stimulants vs placebo Change in weight z score · people with cystic fibrosis Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 40 participants | Low |
Appetite stimulants vs placebo Change in weight z score · people with cystic fibrosis Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Low |
Appetite stimulants vs placebo Change in FEV1 % predicted · people with cystic fibrosis Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 42 participants | Low |
Appetite stimulants vs placebo Change in FEV1 % predicted · people with cystic fibrosis Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Low |
Appetite stimulants vs placebo Increase in appetite (subjective reporting) · people with cystic fibrosis Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | OR 45.25 [3.57, 573.33] | 2 studies · 23 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics Quality of life perceived change in lifestyle after treatment · children and adults with CF and an acute exacerbation Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics only Lung function: change in FEV1 % predicted from baseline · children and adults with pulmonary exacerbation in CF Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 44 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics only Need for additional IV or oral antibiotics · children and adults with pulmonary exacerbation in CF Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics only Time to next pulmonary exacerbation · children and adults with pulmonary exacerbation in CF Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics only Adverse events moderate adverse events experienced during and after treatment · children and adults with pulmonary exacerbation in CF Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics only Microbiology Emergence of resistant organisms · children and adults with pulmonary exacerbation in CF Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.25 [0.27, 19.04] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics Time off work or school · children and adults with CF and an acute exacerbation Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics Lung function change in FEV1 after treatment · children and adults with CF and an acute exacerbation Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics Need for additional IV or oral antibiotics · children and adults with CF and an acute exacerbation Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 6.11 [0.33, 111.71] | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics Time to next pulmonary exacerbation · children and adults with CF and an acute exacerbation Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics Adverse events · children and adults with CF and an acute exacerbation Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics Microbiology Emergence of resistant organisms · children and adults with CF and an acute exacerbation Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics only Quality of life: number of participants achieving MCID · children and adults with pulmonary exacerbation in CF Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.61, 2.34] | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics only Time off work or school · children and adults with pulmonary exacerbation in CF Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active treatment vs observation only Eradication of MRSA: number of participants that were MRSA‐negativea · adults or children with positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.72 [0.65, 4.55] | 2 studies · 68 participants | Low |
Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo Quality of life: absolute change in CFQ‐R respiratory domain score · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract… Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo Lung function: absolute change from baseline in FEV1 % predicted · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract… Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Low |
Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo Growth · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract… Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo Frequency of exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract… Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo Adverse effects of treatment · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract… Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 3 [0.11, 79.91] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Active treatment vs observation only Time until next positive MRSA isolate (from clinically relevant respiratory culture) · adults or children with positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active treatment vs observation only Quality of life: CFRSD‐CRISS symptom score · adults or children with positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
Active treatment vs observation only Lung function: absolute change from baseline in FEV1 % predicted · adults or children with positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 58 participants | Very low |
Active treatment vs observation only Growth: change from baseline in weight (kg) · adults or children with positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Active treatment vs observation only Frequency of exacerbations · adults or children with positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Active treatment vs observation only Adverse effects of treatment · adults or children with positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract specimen Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo Eradication of MRSA · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract… Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.63 [0.19, 13.93] | 1 study · 25 participants | Low |
Oral plus nebulised antibiotics vs oral antibiotics plus nebulised placebo Time until next positive MRSA isolate (from clinically relevant respiratory culture) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of MRSA from a respiratory tract… Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ laser therapy vs no laser therapy Regression of PSR: change in number and size (in clock hours or in degrees of retinal circumference) of new blood vessels · children and adults with SCD and PSR Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 247 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ laser therapy vs no laser therapy Development of new PSR: proliferation of blood vessels at a new area/progression of existing PSR after treatment · children and adults with SCD and PSR Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 247 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ laser therapy vs no laser therapy Quality of life · children and adults with SCD and PSR Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ laser therapy vs no laser therapy Change in visual loss associated with PSR: visual loss is defined by the deterioration of visual acuity of 3 lines or more with the Snellen chart · children and adults with SCD and PSR Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 414 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ laser therapy vs no laser therapy Occurence of vitreous haemorrhage · children and adults with SCD and PSR Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 414 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ laser therapy vs no laser therapy Adverse effects · children and adults with SCD and PSR Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 414 participants | Low |
Colchicine (oral) vs placebo Number of participants experiencing an attacka,b · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.05, 0.95] | 1 study · 10 participants | Low |
Rilonacept vs placebo Prevention of AA amyloidosis · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rilonacept vs placebo Adverse drug reactions · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |
Rilonacept vs placebo Acute‐phase response · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Low |
ImmunoGuard vs placebo Number of participants experiencing an attacka · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ImmunoGuard vs placebo Duration of attacks · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ImmunoGuard vs placebo Time between attacks · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ImmunoGuard vs placebo Prevention of AA amyloidosis · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ImmunoGuard vs placebo Adverse drug reactions · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Moderate |
ImmunoGuard vs placebo Acute‐phase response · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Moderate |
Anakinra vs placebo Number of participants experiencing an attacka · people with familial Mediterranean fever Interventions for reducing inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.54, 1.07] | 1 study · 25 participants | Moderate |