Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

460 questions · 475 findings · 36 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 153 · 32.2%GRADE not reported 18 · 3.8%Very low 177 · 37.3%Low 86 · 18.1%Moderate 40 · 8.4%High 1 · 0.2%

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Mathematics · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 255 participants
Moderate

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Reading · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 308 participants
Moderate

Physical activity vs standard practice

School achievement: Additional educational support needs · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Physical activity vs standard practice

Cognitive function: Composite executive functions · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 116 participants
High

Physical activity vs standard practice

Cognitive function: Inhibition control · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 84 participants
Very low

Physical activity vs standard practice

Adverse events · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy plus pharmacotherapy vs pharmacotherapy alone

ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 65 participants
Very low

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy plus pharmacotherapy vs pharmacotherapy alone

ADHD symptoms: self‐reported Assessed by: various scales · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 66 participants
Low

CBT vs non‐pharmacological intervention

ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 97 participants
Low

CBT vs non‐pharmacological intervention

ADHD symptoms: self‐reported Assessed by: various scales · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 156 participants
Low

Educational intervention vs no educational intervention

Age at introduction of complementary foods Measurement: proportion participants with event · children of complementary feeding age

Educational intervention probably leads to lower age at introduction of complementary foods Measurement: proportion… compared with no educational intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.83, 0.94]
4 studies · 1738 participants
Moderate

Educational intervention vs no educational intervention

Stunting · children of complementary feeding age

Educational intervention showed no clear difference in nutritional status: stunting (H/LAZ ≤ −2 SD) Measurement: proportion… compared with no educational intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.74, 1.06]
5 studies · 3487 participants
Low

Educational intervention vs no educational intervention

Wasting · children of complementary feeding age

Educational intervention showed no clear difference in nutritional status: wasting (WH/LZ ≤ −2 SD) Measurement: proportion… compared with no educational intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.48, 1.3]
2 studies · 2000 participants
Low

Educational intervention vs no educational intervention

Underweight · children of complementary feeding age

Educational intervention showed no clear difference in nutritional status: underweight (WAZ ≤ −2 SD) Measurement:… compared with no educational intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.68, 1.44]
3 studies · 2900 participants
Low

Educational intervention vs no educational intervention

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding (≥ 4 months of age) Measurement: proportion of participants with event · children of complementary feeding age

It is very uncertain whether educational intervention changes duration of exclusive breastfeeding (≥ 4 months of age) Measurement:… compared with no educational intervention (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.58 [0.77, 3.22]
3 studies · 1544 participants
Very low
Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.32 [1.45, 3.73]
2 studies · 1167 participants
Low
Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.7, 1.29]
1 study · 377 participants
Low

Educational intervention vs no educational intervention

Hygiene practices: community‐based intervention Measurement: proportion of participants with event · children of complementary feeding age

Educational intervention probably leads to higher hygiene practices: community‐based intervention Measurement:… compared with no educational intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [1.23, 1.55]
4 studies · 2029 participants
Moderate

Educational intervention vs no educational intervention

Weight (kg) · children of complementary feeding age

2 findings from 1 review

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1221 participants
Very low
Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 2464 participants
Very low

Educational intervention vs no educational intervention

Height (cm) · children of complementary feeding age

2 findings from 1 review

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1221 participants
Very low
Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 2464 participants
Low

Parent‐mediated intervention vs treatment

Expressive language (number of (different) target words) · children with Down syndrome aged between birth and six years

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐mediated interventions for promoting communication and language development in young children with Down syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 12 participants
Very low

Parent‐ and clinician‐mediated intervention vs clinician‐mediated intervention alone

Parental stress · children with Down syndrome aged between birth and six years

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐mediated interventions for promoting communication and language development in young children with Down syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 18 participants
Very low