Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Intervention not reported

Limb function at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Delayed or non‐union at time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Unplanned operations at 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: superficial infection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.49, 2.87]
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Return to work by 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 20830 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Change in blood potassium (mmol/L) · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 784 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hyperkalaemia · Adults (general population)

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in hyperkalaemia compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.46, 2.38]
5 studies · 22849 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hypokalaemia · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Adverse events: other · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 2109 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 92 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 92 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hypertension ‐ not measured · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Blood pressure control ‐ not measured · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Change in blood potassium (mmol/L) ‐ not measured · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hyperkalaemia · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (general population)

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 21414 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Hypokalaemia · children (2 to < 18 years) in the general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found