Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Dental plaque assessment (plaque score/index) vs None (descriptive prevalence review; subgroup analyses by urban/rural status, country and year)

Plaque · Children in the United Arab Emirates (Ajman, Sharjah)

Dental plaque levels were high and associated with frequent snacking and less frequent tooth brushing, and higher plaque was linked to more caries (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Periodontitis (clinical attachment loss) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

Attachment loss is significantly increased in systemic sclerosis patients (SMD 2.58) with very high heterogeneity; certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Patient outcomes: mean number of filled teeth per 0- to 15-year-old · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

No statistically significant difference in number of filled teeth between SSc patients and controls (SMD -0.12, CI includes 0); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

S. mutans counts (5th-root transformed) · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study found no significant difference in S. mutans counts between aligners and fixed appliances in adolescents at 1 month (MD -2.22, 95% CI -6.82 to 2.38; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Patient satisfaction with actual care received (1-7 scale) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in patient satisfaction with actual care received (1-7 scale) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intraglandular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection vs No BoNT (placebo or pre-treatment baseline)

Salivary Lactobacilli counts · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease

Salivary Lactobacilli counts were unchanged in two studies but significantly increased in one study one month after BoNT (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral health effects of botulinum toxin treatment for drooling: a systematic review. 2020 All outcomes
    Before vs after BoNT injection (2018 study: significant Lactobacilli increase at 1 month; Wu 2011 and 2017 study no change) · Neurological-disease populations with drooling (e.g., cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease, adults with sialorrhea); specialist clinical care
    No statistically significant changes in Lactobacilli CFU counts were reported by Wu et al. or by Tiigimae-Saar 2017. However, the 2018 study found that Lactobacilli CFU counts were significantly increased one month…
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Cost (healthcare-system perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in cost (healthcare-system perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review