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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,645 questions in 107 reviews · Wounds
current versionsNo studies 651 · 39.6%Ungraded 84 · 5.1%Very low 554 · 33.7%Low 283 · 17.2%Moderate 64 · 3.9%High 9 · 0.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
1000 mg/day omega‐3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil supplement vs placebo Development of any new foot ulcers · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
1000 mg/day omega‐3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil supplement vs placebo Amputation rate · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
150,000 IU of vitamin D vs 300,000 IU of vitamin D Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound area) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.61 | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
150,000 IU of vitamin D vs 300,000 IU of vitamin D Ulcer healing (proportion of ulcers healed) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
150,000 IU of vitamin D vs 300,000 IU of vitamin D Quality of life · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral nutritional supplement with 20 g protein per 200 mL bottle, 1 kcal/mL, nutritional supplement with added vitamins, minerals and trace elements vs placebo Adverse events (death) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.06, 14.6] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
150,000 IU of vitamin D vs 300,000 IU of vitamin D Adverse events · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
150,000 IU of vitamin D vs 300,000 IU of vitamin D Development of any new foot ulcers · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
150,000 IU of vitamin D vs 300,000 IU of vitamin D Amputation rate · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound length) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound depth) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound width) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo Ulcer healing (proportion of ulcers healed) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo Quality of life · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo Adverse events · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo Development of any new foot ulcers · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral nutritional supplement with 20 g protein per 200 mL bottle, 1 kcal/mL, nutritional supplement with added vitamins, minerals and trace elements vs placebo Development of any new foot ulcers · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo Amputation rate · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D vs placebo Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound length reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D vs placebo Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound depth reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D vs placebo Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound width reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D vs placebo Ulcer healing (proportion of ulcers healed) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D vs placebo Quality of life · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D vs placebo Adverse events · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D vs placebo Development of any new foot ulcers · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D vs placebo Amputation rate · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral nutritional supplement with 20 g protein per 200 mL bottle, 1 kcal/mL, nutritional supplement with added vitamins, minerals and trace elements vs placebo Amputation rate · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.82 [0.24, 95.88] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Arginine, glutamine and β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate supplement vs placebo Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Arginine, glutamine and β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate supplement vs placebo Ulcer healing (proportion of ulcers healed) · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.85, 1.4] | 1 study · 270 participants | Very low |
Arginine, glutamine and β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate supplement vs placebo Quality of life · people with diabetes and foot ulcers Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 270 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs transdermal sutures Surgical site infection (SSI) Incidence of wound infection · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.8, 1.52] | 20 studies · 3107 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs skin staples Wound dehiscence Incidence of wound dehiscence · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.43, 0.94] | 7 studies · 1984 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs skin staples Cosmesis of scar · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | SMD 0.12 | 3 studies · 291 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs skin staples Patient satisfaction (at 30 days) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.2 [0.1, 0.3] | 1 study · 1232 participants | High |
Subcuticular sutures vs skin staples Wound closure time (minutes) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1384 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs skin staples Cost · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 342 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs tissue adhesives Surgical site infection Incidence of wound infection · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.41, 1.45] | 10 studies · 869 participants | Moderate |
Subcuticular sutures vs tissue adhesives Wound complications Incidence of wound complications · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.35, 1.11] | 11 studies · 1058 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs tissue adhesives Wound dehiscence Incidence of wound dehiscence · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.07, 0.74] | 11 studies · 1155 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs tissue adhesives Cosmesis of scar · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs tissue adhesives Patient satisfaction (within 30 days) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs transdermal sutures Wound complications Incidence of wound complications · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.4, 1.71] | 9 studies · 1489 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs tissue adhesives Wound closure time (minutes) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 895 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs tissue adhesives Cost · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 422 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes Surgical site infection Incidence of wound infection · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.4, 4.27] | 6 studies · 354 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes Wound complications Incidence of wound complications · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.61, 1.34] | 5 studies · 492 participants | Low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes Wound dehiscence Incidence of wound dehiscence · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.07 [0, 1.47] | 4 studies · 264 participants | Very low |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes Cosmesis of scar · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes Patient satisfaction · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Subcuticular sutures vs surgical tapes Wound closure time (minutes) · skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery Subcuticular sutures for skin closure in non‐obstetric surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 169 participants | Very low |