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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (BPRS) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride Leaving the study early (any reason) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.07 [0.97, 4.4] | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (unchanged/worse ‐ CGI) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.17, 1.46] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo Leaving the study early (any reason) · people with schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.01, 6.6] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene Leaving the study early (any reason) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.24, 1.35] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs thiothixene General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine Leaving the study early (any reason) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) · people with schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot Leaving the study early (any reason) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [0.36, 10.58] | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.82, 2.18] | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine Global state: Average endpoint global state score (clinically improved) (CGI‐SI, high score not reported, average score = 2.2) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) Death: Suicide and natural causes (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) Service outcomes: duration of stay in hospital (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) Mental state: Average endpoint general mental state score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) Leaving the study early: Any reason · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.15 [0.49, 9.41] | 4 studies · 140 participants | Very low |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) General functioning: Average endpoint general functioning score (clinically improved) (no data) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (EPSEs) · schizophrenia Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.61, 1.45] | 3 studies · 199 participants | Very low |
CLOZAPINE + ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE + HALOPERIDOL (Cipriani 2013) Clinical response: no clinically significant response in mental state · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007) Clinical response: mean score/change in global state: mean CGI score (high = poor) Short term (8 weeks) · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007) Clinical response: mean score/change in mental state: mean BPRS score (high = poor) Short term (8 weeks) · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007) Leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by completion of trial · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.6] | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007) Service utilisation outcomes: hospital admission or days in hospital · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Ungraded |
CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007) Quality of life/satisfaction with care for either recipients of care or carers: significant change in quality of life/satisfaction · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Ungraded |
CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + SULPIRIDE (Kong 2001) Clinical response: no clinically significant response in mental state: 20% to 50% reduction in PANSS total score · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.4, 1.68] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + SULPIRIDE (Kong 2001) Adverse effects: weight gain · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.08, 1.9] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + SULPIRIDE (Kong 2001) Clinical response: mean score/change in global state · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Ungraded |
CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + SULPIRIDE (Kong 2001) Clinical response: mean score/change in mental state: mean PANSS total score (high = poor) · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + SULPIRIDE (Kong 2001) Leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by completion of trial · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
CLOZAPINE + ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE + HALOPERIDOL (Cipriani 2013) Adverse effects: weight gain · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + SULPIRIDE (Kong 2001) Service utilisation outcomes: hospital admission or days in hospital · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + SULPIRIDE (Kong 2001) Quality of life/satisfaction with care for either recipients of care or carers: significant change in quality of life/satisfaction · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |