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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,590 questions in 129 reviews · Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer
current versionsNo studies 281 · 17.7%Ungraded 74 · 4.7%Very low 410 · 25.8%Low 420 · 26.4%Moderate 280 · 17.6%High 125 · 7.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Major bleeding · patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.39, 1.53] | 4 studies · 1055 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Minor bleeding · patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.57, 1.23] | 4 studies · 1055 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Thrombocytopenia ‐ not reported · patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Health related quality of life · patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 8485 participants | Moderate |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis All‐cause mortality · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.83, 1.14] | 5 studies · 2854 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Recurrent VTE · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.45, 0.88] | 5 studies · 2854 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Major bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.83, 1.73] | 5 studies · 2994 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Major GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.62, 2.17] | 4 studies · 1838 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Major upper GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.51, 2.76] | 4 studies · 1838 participants | Very low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Major lower GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.43, 2.8] | 4 studies · 1838 participants | Very low |
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis All‐cause mortality (time‐to‐event) · People with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.94 [0.74, 1.2] | 2 studies · 1243 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Major non‐GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.42, 1.68] | 4 studies · 1838 participants | Very low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Minor bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [1.15, 2.16] | 5 studies · 2854 participants | Moderate |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Minor GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.41, 4.64] | 2 studies · 1495 participants | Very low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Minor upper GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.04, 25.97] | 2 studies · 1495 participants | Very low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Minor lower GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [0.72, 3.27] | 2 studies · 1495 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis Minor non‐GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.37 [1.44, 3.89] | 2 studies · 1495 participants | Moderate |
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis All‐cause mortality · people with cancer with VTE receiving secondary prophylaxis Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.78, 1.59] | 1 study · 284 participants | Moderate |
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Recurrent VTE · people with cancer with VTE receiving secondary prophylaxis Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.16, 1.32] | 1 study · 270 participants | Low |
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Major bleeding · people with cancer with VTE receiving secondary prophylaxis Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.35, 3.56] | 1 study · 270 participants | Low |
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Minor bleeding – not reported · people with cancer with VTE receiving secondary prophylaxis Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Recurrent venous thromboembolism (main analysis ‐ active cancer) · People with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.44, 0.8] | 4 studies · 1712 participants | Moderate |
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Health‐related quality of life – not reported · people with cancer with VTE receiving secondary prophylaxis Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Recurrent venous thromboembolism (time‐to‐event) · People with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.49 [0.31, 0.78] | 2 studies · 1243 participants | Moderate |
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Major bleeding (main analysis ‐ active cancer) · People with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.55, 2.12] | 4 studies · 1712 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Minor bleeding (main analysis ‐ active cancer) · People with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.47, 1.27] | 4 studies · 1712 participants | Very low |
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Thrombocytopenia (main analysis‐ active cancer) · People with cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.52, 1.69] | 1 study · 138 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis All‐cause mortality · patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.23] | 4 studies · 1060 participants | Low |
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis Recurrent venous thromboembolism · patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.34, 1.15] | 4 studies · 1050 participants | Low |
Laparoscopy vs laparotomy Overall survival (survival until death from all causes) · adult women diagnosed with early stage (I to IIa) endometrial cancer undergoing surgery as primary treatment. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for the management of early stage endometrial cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.04 [0.86, 1.25] | 6 studies · 3993 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopy vs laparotomy Recurrence free survival · adult women diagnosed with early stage (I to IIa) endometrial cancer undergoing surgery as primary treatment. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for the management of early stage endometrial cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.14 [0.9, 1.43] | 5 studies · 3710 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopy vs laparotomy Serious adverse events (range of outcomes) · adult women diagnosed with early stage (I to IIa) endometrial cancer undergoing surgery as primary treatment. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for the management of early stage endometrial cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 313 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Tumour response · ovarian carcinoma Antigen‐specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 355 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Tumour response · ovarian carcinoma Antigen‐specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 64 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Post‐immunotherapy treatment response · ovarian carcinoma Antigen‐specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 88 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Survival · ovarian carcinoma Antigen‐specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1062 participants | High |
Intervention NR Survival · ovarian carcinoma Antigen‐specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1882 participants | High |
Intervention NR Antigen‐specific immunogenicity (humoral response) · ovarian carcinoma Antigen‐specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 studies · 1521 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Antigen‐specific immunogenicity (cellular response) · ovarian carcinoma Antigen‐specific active immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 40 studies · 966 participants | Very low |
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) vs observation alone Overall survival · maintenance treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer after first‐line chemotherapy Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.99 [0.81, 1.2] | 1 study · 835 participants | Low |
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Quality of life: not measured · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Overall survival · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.93 [0.74, 1.18] | 4 studies · 658 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Progression‐free survival · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.9 [0.7, 1.16] | 4 studies · 658 participants | Low |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Toxicity: grade 3 to 4 anaemia · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.47, 1.49] | 4 studies · 652 participants | Low |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Toxicity: grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.87 [0.59, 13.89] | 4 studies · 652 participants | Very low |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Toxicity: grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea ‐ pertuzumab · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 6.37 [1.89, 21.45] | 3 studies · 432 participants | Low |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Toxicity: grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea ‐ seribantumab · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.07, 2.23] | 1 study · 220 participants | Very low |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Toxicity: grade 3 or 4 nausea ± vomiting · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.56, 2.89] | 3 studies · 503 participants | Low |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Toxicity: grade 3 or 4 fatigue · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.66, 1.73] | 4 studies · 652 participants | Low |
Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Toxicity: grade 3 or 4 hypokalaemia · treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.01 [0.8, 5.06] | 3 studies · 522 participants | Low |