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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: levofloxacin for inhalation solution vs tobramycin Adverse events: number of treatment‐related adverse events · adults and children aged over 12 with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 282 participants | High |
Summary of findings: anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics vs placebo Survival: number of deaths · adults and children with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.03, 1.09] | 2 studies · 767 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: continuous cycles alternating aztreonam lysine for inhalation with tobramycin for inhalation solution vs continuous cycles alternating placebo with tobramycin FEV1 (% predicted): mean change from baseline (average values across the end of the 3 treatment cycles) · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: continuous cycles alternating aztreonam lysine for inhalation with tobramycin for inhalation solution vs continuous cycles alternating placebo with tobramycin FVC · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: continuous cycles alternating aztreonam lysine for inhalation with tobramycin for inhalation solution vs continuous cycles alternating placebo with tobramycin Pulmonary exacerbations: rate of PDEs per participant year · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.43, 1.18] | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: continuous cycles alternating aztreonam lysine for inhalation with tobramycin for inhalation solution vs continuous cycles alternating placebo with tobramycin Quality of life: CFQ‐R respiratory symptom scores averaged from weeks 4, 12 and 20 · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: continuous cycles alternating aztreonam lysine for inhalation with tobramycin for inhalation solution vs continuous cycles alternating placebo with tobramycin Survival · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: continuous cycles alternating aztreonam lysine for inhalation with tobramycin for inhalation solution vs continuous cycles alternating placebo with tobramycin Antibiotic resistance: mean change from baseline in Paeruginosa sputum density (CFU/g) · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: continuous cycles alternating aztreonam lysine for inhalation with tobramycin for inhalation solution vs continuous cycles alternating placebo with tobramycin Adverse events: any adverse event in the comparative phase · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.05] | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics vs placebo Antibiotic resistance: frequency of tobramycin‐resistant P aeruginosa · adults and children with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [0.86, 4.42] | 2 studies · 672 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics vs placebo Adverse events · adults and children with CF and P aeruginosa Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1014 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: colistimethate dry powder for inhalation (Colobreathe®) vs tobramycin FEV1 (% predicted): mean change from baseline · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa infection Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 374 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: colistimethate dry powder for inhalation (Colobreathe®) vs tobramycin FVC (% predicted): mean change from baseline · children and adults with CF and P aeruginosa infection Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 374 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs placebo Pain alterationa · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 784 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy vs transfusion and chelation Death during the study (all deaths) · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.06, 15.42] | 2 studies · 254 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy vs transfusion and chelation Measures of HbF (%) · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 254 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy vs transfusion and chelation Measures of ANC · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 254 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy vs transfusion and chelation Quality of life · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy vs transfusion and chelation Adverse events or toxicity: differences in rates of specific adverse events · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 254 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs observation Pain alteration · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs observation Life‐threatening illness · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs observation Death during the study · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs observation Measures of HbF · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs observation Measures of ANC · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs placebo Life‐threatening illness · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 759 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs observation Quality of life · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs observation Adverse events or toxicity: differences in rates of specific adverse events · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs no hydroxyurea Pain alteration · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs no hydroxyurea Life‐threatening illness · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs no hydroxyurea Death during the study · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs no hydroxyurea Measures of HbF · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs no hydroxyurea Measures of ANC · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs no hydroxyurea Quality of life · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs no hydroxyurea Adverse events or toxicity · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs placebo Death during the study (all deaths) · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.19, 2.27] | 5 studies · 784 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs placebo Measures of HbF (%) · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 784 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs placebo Measures of ANC · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 724 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs placebo Quality of life: 'Health Status Survey', the 'Profile of Mood States' and the 'Ladder of Life' · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 277 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea vs placebo Adverse events or toxicity: differences in rates of specific adverse events · adults and children with sickle cell disease Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 784 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy vs transfusion and chelation Pain alteration: proportion experiencing serious VOC or sickle‐related pain events · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.37 [1.59, 7.11] | 2 studies · 254 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy vs transfusion and chelation Life‐threatening illness · adults and children with sickle cell disease and an increased risk of stroke Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 254 participants | Moderate |
Physical activity vs no physical activity Exercise capacity: change in VO2 peak (mL/min per kg bodyweight) Active intervention: > 6 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 348 participants | Moderate |
Physical activity vs no physical activity FEV1 % predicted (change from baseline) Active intervention: > 6 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 367 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs no physical activity HRQoL: change in CFQ‐R physical functioning domain score Active intervention: > 6 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 247 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs no physical activity HRQoL: change in CFQ‐R respiratory symptoms domain score Active intervention: > 6 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 251 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs no physical activity Pulmonary exacerbations: number of exacerbations occurring in the study period Active intervention: 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 117 participants | High |
Physical activity vs no physical activity Diabetic control: change in blood glucose levels at rest, at 60 and 120 minutes after a glucose ingestion (mmol/L) Active intervention: 9 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 91 participants | Moderate |
Physical activity vs no physical activity Adverse events: number of adverse events Active intervention: 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 156 participants | Low |
Appetite stimulants vs placebo Change in weight (kg) · people with cystic fibrosis Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 42 participants | Low |
Appetite stimulants vs placebo Change in weight (kg) · people with cystic fibrosis Appetite stimulants for people with cystic fibrosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Low |