Any congenital anomalies · adult men and women who had been exposed to arsenic‐containing drinking water
1 finding from 1 review
Blood arsenic Measured by change in total blood arsenic, InAs, MMA, and DMA from baseline to week 12 · adult men and women who had been exposed to arsenic‐containing drinking water
1 finding from 1 review
Urinary arsenic Measured by change in percentage (%) of InAs, MMA, and DMA from baseline to week 12 · adult men and women who had been exposed to arsenic‐containing drinking water
1 finding from 1 review
Plasma homocysteine Measured by change in GM of plasma homocysteine concentrations from baseline to week 12 · adult men and women who had been exposed to arsenic‐containing drinking water
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Change in pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 scale; lower score means less pain) · people with rheumatoid arthritis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 scale;… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Change in measure of disease activity Disease Activity Score (DAS‐28‐ESR) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 score; lower score means less disease activity) · people with rheumatoid arthritis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in measure of disease activity Disease Activity Score… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Change in function Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at 12 weeks (0 to 3 score; lower score means better function) · people with rheumatoid arthritis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in function Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at 12 weeks… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Radiographic progression · people with rheumatoid arthritis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Short‐term serious adverse events · people with rheumatoid arthritis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Long‐term adverse effects or toxicity · people with rheumatoid arthritis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Withdrawals – overall (at 8 to 12 weeks) · people with rheumatoid arthritis
The intervention may leads to lower withdrawals – overall (at 8 to 12 weeks) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment (DFS) · adults
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (loose stools, diarrhoea) · Infants (primary teeth; baseline about 9 to 15 months)
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects were not reported in a usable format, but the reported rates of loose stools and diarrhoea were very similar between groups. There were no serious adverse effects during the study. Milgrom 2009.
1 study · 94 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries in primary teeth (mean number of decayed primary teeth) · Infants (primary teeth; baseline about 9 to 15 months)
1 finding from 1 review
Number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) · Infants (primary teeth)
Xylitol wipes (4.2 g/day) showed no clear difference in number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) compared with control wipes (no xylitol) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, constipation, flatulence, loose stool or diarrhoea) · adults
1 finding from 1 review
Patterns of adverse effects (sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, constipation, flatulence, and loose stool or diarrhoea) were similar for both groups. Bader 2013.
1 study · 669 participants
GRADE not reported
Number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) · Infants (primary teeth)
It is very uncertain whether xylitol tablets (200 to 600 mg/day) via slow-release pacifier/dummy changes number of infants with a caries increment (dmfs) compared with control (sorbitol) tablets (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Infants (primary teeth)
1 finding from 1 review