Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

508 questions · 529 findings · 58 reviews

No studies found 191 · 36.1%GRADE not reported 49 · 9.3%Very low 143 · 27%Low 92 · 17.4%Moderate 51 · 9.6%High 3 · 0.6%

Magnesium sulphate + epinephrine vs no treatment or normal saline + epinephrine

Length of hospital stay · children up to 12 months old with acute bronchiolitis

It is very uncertain whether magnesium sulphate + epinephrine changes duration of hospital stay compared with no treatment or normal saline + epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnesium sulphate + epinephrine vs no treatment or normal saline + epinephrine

Clinical severity score (CSS) (RDAI score; range 0 to 17; higher = poorer outcomes) measured at 0 to 24 hoursafter treatment · children up to 12 months old with acute bronchiolitis

It is very uncertain whether magnesium sulphate + epinephrine changes clinical severity score (CSS) (RDAI score; range 0 to 17; higher =… compared with no treatment or normal saline + epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnesium sulphate + epinephrine vs no treatment or normal saline + epinephrine

Clinical severity score (CSS) (RDAI score; range 0 to 17; higher = poorer outcomes) measured 25 to 48 hoursafter treatment · children up to 12 months old with acute bronchiolitis

It is very uncertain whether magnesium sulphate + epinephrine changes clinical severity score (CSS) (RDAI score; range 0 to 17; higher =… compared with no treatment or normal saline + epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

Change in viral load · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

RECOVERY trial outcomes (mortality; hospitalisation status; use of ventilation; use of renal dialysis or haemofiltration) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

Other adverse events (allergy, irritation/burning of nasal, oral or oropharyngeal mucosa, long-term staining of mucous membranes or teeth, accidental ingestion) · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

Changes in microbiome in oral cavity, nasal cavity, oro- or nasopharynx · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

COVID-19 viral content of aerosol · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Povidone iodine rinse vs Saline rinse or placebo

Adverse effects · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
1 finding from 1 review

Thymosin alpha 1 (10-minute soak prior to replantation) vs Normal saline

Tooth survival · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth

It is very uncertain whether thymosin alpha 1 (10-minute soak prior to replantation) changes tooth survival at 12 months compared with control (saline) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Topical phenytoin vs saline dressing

Ulcer healing · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy
2 findings from 1 review