Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,266 questions · 1,314 findings · 160 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 309 · 23.5%GRADE not reported 34 · 2.6%Very low 356 · 27.1%Low 393 · 29.9%Moderate 187 · 14.2%High 35 · 2.7%

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhoea) ‐ not reported · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Complete abortion rate · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg showed no clear difference in complete abortion rate compared with paracetamol 2000 mg (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.11 [0.64, 6.92]
1 study · 108 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Induction to expulsion interval ‐ not reported · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Unscheduled contact with care ‐ not reported · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Patient satisfaction with analgesia ‐ not reported · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Ibuprofen 1600 mg vs paracetamol

Patient satisfaction with abortion care overall ‐ not reported · women having medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks’ gestation 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 1356 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Relationship building/rapport Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 176 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Information gathering about patient perspectives/concerns · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 164 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Explanation and planning (information giving) · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 122 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Specific communication skills · pre‐registration medical students

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes specific communication skills (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 427 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · pre‐registration medical students

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Overall communication skills Different scales used across studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 502 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Empathy · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Relationship building/Rapport · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 190 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Information gathering about patient perspectives/concerns · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Explanation and planning (information giving) · pre‐registration medical students

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Empathy Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a 5‐ to 9‐point Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 831 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Specific communication skills · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · pre‐registration medical students

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found