Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,822 questions · 1,891 findings · 321 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 279 · 14.8%GRADE not reported 46 · 2.4%Very low 524 · 27.7%Low 571 · 30.2%Moderate 330 · 17.5%High 141 · 7.5%

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease‐specific quality of life · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
High

Anti‐IL‐5 mAb (mepolizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease severity ‐ VAS (range 0 to 10, lower = better) · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Anti‐IL‐5 mAb (mepolizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ CT scan (lower score = better) · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Very low

Anti‐IgE mAb (omalizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease‐specific quality of life · patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 265 participants
Moderate

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease severity ‐ VAS (range 0 to 10, lower = better) · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
Moderate

Anti‐IgE mAb (omalizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ endoscopic score · patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 312 participants
Low

Anti‐IgE mAb (omalizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ CT scan (lower score = better) · patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 47 participants
Very low

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ endoscopic score · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
Moderate

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ CT scan (lower score = better) · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
High

Anti‐IL‐5 mAb (mepolizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease‐specific quality of life · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 105 participants
Low

Breathing exercises vs inactive control

Asthma control · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for adults with asthma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 115 participants
Low

Breathing exercises vs inactive control

Nijmegen questionnaire · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for adults with asthma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 118 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Lower limb compression vs control · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes lower limb compression vs control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.61 [0.47, 0.78]
11 studies · 705 participants
Very low

Phlebotonics vs placebo?

Oedema in the lower legs (dichotomous variable) · patients with venous insufficiency

Do phlebotonics improve signs and symptoms of venous insufficiency… probably leads to lower oedema in the lower legs (dichotomous variable) compared with placebo? (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.63, 0.78]
13 studies · 1245 participants
Moderate

Phlebotonics vs placebo?

Oedema in the lower legs (ankle circumference, mm) · patients with venous insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 2010 participants
Moderate

Radiotherapy vs control

Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · people with neovascular AMD

1 finding from 1 review

Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone

Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · people with neovascular AMD

Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF showed no clear difference in change in best corrected visual acuity (logMAR units) Measured using… compared with anti‐VEGF alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
mean difference 0.1
Studies not reported
Low

Behavioural therapy plus treatment as usual vs treatment

Reduction in physical signs (symptom severity) Measured by Clinical Global Impression scale (lower is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Cognitive behavioural therapy as vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Reduction in physical signs Decrease in seizure frequency End of treatment · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Low

Cognitive behavioural therapy as vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Level of functioning · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 74 participants
Very low