Ankle brace vs rigid cast
Faces Pain Scale score at 4 weeks' post ‐injury (0 to 10: greatest pain) · children with acute 'low risk' (undisplaced) ankle fractures
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted1 study · 104 participantsModerate
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
367 questions · 382 findings · 30 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma
No studies found 73 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 19 · 5%Very low 171 · 44.8%Low 90 · 23.6%Moderate 22 · 5.8%High 7 · 1.8%
Intervention not reported
Subjective knee score ‐ KOOS‐4 score (mean score of 4 components) at 2 years: score from 0 (extreme symptoms) to 100 (no symptoms) · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 121 participantsLow
Intervention not reported
Serious adverse events (such as donor site morbidity, failure of graft including re‐rupture) at 2 years · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 121 participantsGRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Treatment failure (graft rupture or ACL reconstruction) at 2 years5 · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
The intervention may leads to lower treatment failure (graft rupture or ACL reconstruction) at 2 years5 (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.12 [0.04, 0.34]1 study · 121 participantsLow
Intervention not reported
Treatment failure (meniscal surgery) at 5 years5,7 · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
The intervention showed no clear difference in treatment failure (meniscal surgery) at 5 years5,7 (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.88 [0.62, 1.25]1 study · 120 participantsLow
Intervention not reported
General health‐related quality of life: SF‐36 physical component score (range 0 to 100; higher score = better health state) at 2 years · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 121 participantsLow
Intervention not reported
Return to activity or level of sport at 2 years · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
The intervention showed no clear difference in return to activity or level of sport at 2 years (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.22 [0.78, 1.91]1 study · 121 participantsLow
Intervention not reported
Osteoarthritis at 5 years · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes osteoarthritis at 5 years (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.8 [0.92, 3.52]1 study · 113 participantsVery low
Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate
Function (overall) Various tools · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
Intramedullary fixation may leads to higher function or disability (overall) Various tools (Constant score and… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlySMD 0.45 [0.08, 0.81]3 studies · 120 participantsLow
Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate
Pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with 15 being the best positive score · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyMD 0.61 study · 32 participantsVery low
Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate
Clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture consolidation (weeks) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted3 studies · 98 participantsVery low
Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate
Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection; cosmetic result ‐ e.g. prominent metalwork ‐ and symptomatic hardware) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection;… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.64 [0.39, 1.03]4 studies · 133 participantsVery low
Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate
Quality of life ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate
Return to previous activities ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Intervention not reported
Patient‐reported functional outcomes (pooled data) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes patient‐reported functional outcomes (pooled data) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlySMD 0.283 studies · 172 participantsVery low
Intervention not reported
Need for a secondary/revision operation or substantive physiotherapy for adverse outcomes (e.g. non‐union, malunion or infection) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes need for a secondary/revision operation or substantive physiotherapy… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.37 [0.12, 1.12]3 studies · 173 participantsVery low
Intervention not reported
Symptomatic non‐union or malunion, including limping 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes symptomatic non‐union or malunion, including limping 1 year (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.72 [0.18, 2.8]3 studies · 173 participantsVery low
Intervention not reported
Pain (0 to 40: no pain) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes pain (0 to 40: no pain) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyMD 11 study · 85 participantsVery low
Intervention not reported
Wound complications including superficial/deep wound infection and osteomyelitis 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes wound complications including superficial/deep wound infection and… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.47 [0.2, 1.1]3 studies · 173 participantsVery low
Intervention not reported
Fracture union 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes fracture union 1 year (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Surgical interventions for treating distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.02 [0.95, 1.09]3 studies · 173 participantsVery low