Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,749 questions · 14,261 findings · 832 reviews

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No studies found 3,655 · 25.6%GRADE not reported 2,111 · 14.8%Very low 3,646 · 25.6%Low 3,028 · 21.2%Moderate 1,501 · 10.5%High 320 · 2.2%

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Antihistamines vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether antihistamines changes nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.47, 2.11]
1 study · 149 participants
Very low
Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.3, 0.64]
4 studies · 514 participants
Low

Antihistamines vs placebo

Vomiting ‐ intraoperative · preventing nausea and vomiting

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 149 participants
Very low

Antihistamines vs placebo

Vomiting ‐ postoperative · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether antihistamines changes vomiting ‐ postoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.29, 0.81]
3 studies · 333 participants
Very low

Opioid antagonists vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.39, 1.45]
1 study · 120 participants
Low

Opioid antagonists vs placebo

Vomiting ‐ intraoperative · preventing nausea and vomiting

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Opioid antagonists vs placebo

Vomiting ‐ postoperative · preventing nausea and vomiting

Opioid antagonists showed no clear difference in vomiting ‐ postoperative compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.35, 4.43]
1 study · 120 participants
Low

Ginger vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether ginger changes nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.36, 1.21]
2 studies · 331 participants
Very low
Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.22, 1.77]
1 study · 92 participants
Very low

Ginger vs placebo

Vomiting ‐ intraoperative · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether ginger changes vomiting ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.38, 1]
2 studies · 331 participants
Very low

Ginger vs placebo

Vomiting ‐ postoperative · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether ginger changes vomiting ‐ postoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.65]
1 study · 92 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Primary outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Equity considerations: evidence of differential impacts on different parts of the population

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Primary outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Delivery and utilization of health services

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of care

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Unintended effectsÂ

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Changes in resource use

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Secondary outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Provider motivation, satisfaction, absenteeism and acceptability

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low