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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,353 questions in 210 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 18.4%Ungraded 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Continuous vs intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐ all preterm infants less than 1500 grams End of intervention: rate of gain in head circumference (cm/week) · preterm infants less than 1500 grams Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 433 participants | Low |
Continuous vs intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐ all preterm infants less than 1500 grams Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) · preterm infants less than 1500 grams Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.67, 2.11] | 4 studies · 372 participants | Low |
Phenobarbital vs supportive care Treatment failure To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.73 [0.94, 7.94] | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital vs diazepam Neonatal and infant mortality · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital vs diazepam Neurodevelopmental disability · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital vs diazepam Days' hospitalisation · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Phenobarbital vs diazepam Days' pharmacological treatment · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Phenobarbital vs diazepam Adverse events To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine Treatment failure To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.33, 0.92] | 2 studies · 138 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine Seizures To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine Neonatal and infant mortality · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine Neurodevelopmental disability · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine Days' hospitalisation · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Low |
Phenobarbital vs supportive care Seizures To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine Days' pharmacological treatment · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine Adverse events To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid alone Treatment failure To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid alone Seizures To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid alone Neonatal and infant mortality · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid alone Neurodevelopmental disability · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid alone Days' hospitalisation · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid alone Days' pharmacological treatment · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid alone Adverse events To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Clonidine and opioid vs opioid alone Treatment failure To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.59] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital vs supportive care Neonatal and infant mortality · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Clonidine and opioid vs opioid alone Seizures To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.68] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Clonidine and opioid vs opioid alone Mortality post discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 7 [0.37, 131.28] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Clonidine and opioid vs opioid alone Neurodevelopmental disability · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Clonidine and opioid vs opioid alone Days' hospitalisation · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Clonidine and opioid vs opioid alone Days' pharmacological treatment · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Clonidine and opioid vs opioid alone Adverse events (treatment related) To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 71.51] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid Treatment failure To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.27 [0.98, 5.25] | 2 studies · 93 participants | Very low |
Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid Seizures To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 71.15] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid Mortality to discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid Neurodevelopmental disability · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital vs supportive care Neurodevelopmental disability · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid Days' hospitalisation · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 91 participants | Low |
Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid Days' pharmacological treatment · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 91 participants | Low |
Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid Adverse events (treatment related) To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [0.44, 5.4] | 2 studies · 93 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital vs supportive care Days' hospitalisation · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital vs supportive care Days' pharmacological treatment · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Phenobarbital vs supportive care Adverse events To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phenobarbital vs diazepam Treatment failure To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.24, 0.62] | 2 studies · 139 participants | Low |
Phenobarbital vs diazepam Seizures To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioid vs placebo or no treatment / usual care Treatment failure To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.41, 4.07] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Morphine vs methadone Neonatal or infant mortality · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs methadone Neurodevelopmental disability · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs methadone Days hospitalisation · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 116 participants | Low |
Morphine vs methadone Days treatment · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 147 participants | Low |
Morphine vs methadone Adverse events (treatment related) To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.02] | 1 study · 116 participants | Low |