What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 354 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.63, 1.25]
  13 studies · 3894 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in total graft loss (with death) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.67, 1.06]
  11 studies · 3476 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to higher biopsy‐proven acute rejection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.26 [1.1, 1.43]
  11 studies · 3731 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in CMV infection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.63, 1.21]
  9 studies · 3099 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in all malignancy compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.32]
  10 studies · 3175 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in number needing to change treatment compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.05]
  10 studies · 3652 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to lower diabetes compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.93]
  6 studies · 2125 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in lymphoma/PTLD compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.25, 1.73]
  7 studies · 2792 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in acne/rash compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.62, 1.21]
  6 studies · 2958 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1863 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to lower hypercholesterolaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.98]
  9 studies · 3250 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low may leads to lower anaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.72, 0.91]
  10 studies · 3179 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low may leads to lower thrombocytopenia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.44, 0.75]
  9 studies · 2242 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 379 participants
  Low

Positional therapy vs inactive control

• Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low

Positional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

• Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 13 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

• Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.06, 4.85]
  1 study · 65 participants
  Very low