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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

720 questions · 751 findings · 105 reviews

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No studies found 193 · 25.7%GRADE not reported 37 · 4.9%Very low 212 · 28.2%Low 193 · 25.7%Moderate 99 · 13.2%High 17 · 2.3%

2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
    SoF: See comment; 0 participants (0 studies); 1 case of prolonged anaesthesia recorded; no clinical studies met the outcome definition (unable to confirm whether prolonged anaesthesia = paraesthesia).
    0 studies
    No studies found

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control

Swelling at injection site after Vi‐rEPA (dose 2) · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) probably leads to higher swelling at injection site after Vi‐rEPA (dose 2) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

Global state: non‐responders to the first injection · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) showed no clear difference in global state: non‐responders to the first injection compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs PLACEBO/NIL

Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injections during 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injections… compared with PLACEBO/NIL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs PLACEBO/NIL

Global state: non‐responders to the first injection · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) may leads to lower global state: non‐responders to the first injection compared with PLACEBO/NIL (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injections during 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injections… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition), Heft-Parker VAS 0-170 mm · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine showed no clear difference in adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition),… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects: pain following injection, Heft-Parker VAS 0-170 mm compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injection during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional… compared with COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs chlorpromazine

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more that 1 injection compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL

Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injections during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

HALOPERIDOL may leads to lower repeated need for tranquillisation needing additional injection… compared with PLACEBO/NIL (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review