Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,808 questions · 8,953 findings · 827 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,891 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 380 · 4.2%Very low 2,100 · 23.5%Low 2,449 · 27.4%Moderate 1,684 · 18.8%High 449 · 5%

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Avalglucosidase alfa vs alglucosidase alfa

QoL · adults with LOPD

1 finding from 1 review

Enzyme replacement therapy for late‐onset Pompe disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Avalglucosidase alfa vs alglucosidase alfa

Treatment‐related AEs: total treatment‐emergent adverse events potentially related to treatment · adults with LOPD

Avalglucosidase alfa showed no clear difference in treatment‐related AEs: total treatment‐emergent adverse events… compared with alglucosidase alfa (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enzyme replacement therapy for late‐onset Pompe disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.61, 1.4]
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Alglucosidase alfa vs placebo

Use of a walking aid / wheelchair · 90 people with LOPD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Enzyme replacement therapy for late‐onset Pompe disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Alglucosidase alfa vs placebo

QoL (PCS in SF‐36 (measured on a scale from 0 to 100)) · 90 people with LOPD

1 finding from 1 review

Enzyme replacement therapy for late‐onset Pompe disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Low

Alglucosidase alfa vs placebo

Treatment‐related AEs: total treatment‐emergent adverse events potentially related to treatment · 90 people with LOPD

Alglucosidase alfa showed no clear difference in treatment‐related AEs compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enzyme replacement therapy for late‐onset Pompe disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.64, 1.39]
1 study · 90 participants
Low

Alglucosidase alfa plus clenbuterol vs alglucosidase alfa plus placebo

Change from baseline in 6MWT (metres) · 13 people with LOPD

1 finding from 1 review

Enzyme replacement therapy for late‐onset Pompe disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Alglucosidase alfa plus clenbuterol vs alglucosidase alfa plus placebo

FVC (% predicted) Change from baseline · 13 people with LOPD

1 finding from 1 review

Enzyme replacement therapy for late‐onset Pompe disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Very low

Higher‐dose vs lower‐dose nicotine patch

Smoking cessation · people who smoke

Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in smoking cessation ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.29]
5 studies · 1655 participants
Moderate
Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [1, 1.41]
3 studies · 3446 participants
Moderate
Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.48 [1.06, 2.08]
1 study · 537 participants
Moderate

Higher‐dose vs lower‐dose nicotine patch

SAEs · people who smoke

Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in overall SAEs ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24 hr patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.01 [0.87, 28.82]
2 studies · 1023 participants
Low
Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 537 participants
Low

Higher‐dose vs lower‐dose nicotine patch

Treatment withdrawal · people who smoke

Higher‐dose may leads to higher treatment withdrawals ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.99 [1.6, 15.5]
2 studies · 554 participants
Low

Higher‐dose vs lower‐dose nicotine patch

Treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) · people who smoke

Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.36, 1.64]
1 study · 537 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus gum · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus gum (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.29, 2.19]
1 study · 75 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus inhaler · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus inhaler (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2 [0.46, 8.73]
1 study · 75 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Smoking cessation ‐ gum versus inhaler · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking cessation ‐ gum versus inhaler (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.5 [0.53, 11.7]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Overall serious adverse events · people who smoke

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Treatment withdrawals · people who smoke

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Physical aggression · persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation in people with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 84 participants
Very low

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Specific behaviour ‐ agitation · persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation in people with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Adverse events: Clinically important effect · persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation in people with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Self harm ‐ frequency of self harm · persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation in people with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported