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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,072 questions · 4,237 findings · 447 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 946 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 257 · 6.1%Very low 1,121 · 26.5%Low 1,207 · 28.5%Moderate 568 · 13.4%High 138 · 3.3%

Nalbuphine vs tramadol

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with tramadol (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs tramadol

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with tramadol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs pethidine

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with pethidine (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs piritramid

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (24 hours… compared with piritramid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs piritramid

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with piritramid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine may leads to lower number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs morphine

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) compared with morphine (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs morphine

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours… compared with morphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition

Short‐term mortality (within hospital stay or closest to one month) · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery

Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition showed no clear difference in short‐term mortality (within hospital stay or closest to one month) compared with non‐supplemented nutrition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition vs non‐supplemented nutrition

Long‐term mortality (closest to six month) · critically ill patients or receiving major surgery

Glutamine‐supplemented nutrition showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (closest to six month) compared with non‐supplemented nutrition (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review