Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,710 questions · 14,842 findings · 1,394 reviews

No studies found 2,880 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 1,413 · 9.5%Very low 3,103 · 20.9%Low 3,870 · 26.1%Moderate 2,663 · 17.9%High 913 · 6.2%

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Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Healthcare utilisation ‐ not measured · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic thromboembolic events ( · women giving birth by elective or emergency caesarean (elective only (1 trial), emergency or elective (4 trials))

It is very uncertain whether peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic thromboembolic events (timing of assessment unclear,… compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic PE · women giving birth by elective or emergency caesarean (elective only (1 trial), emergency or elective (4 trials))

It is very uncertain whether peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic PE (timing of assessment unclear, within 6 weeks… compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic thromboembolic events ( · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic thromboembolic events ( compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic PE · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic PE ( compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Symptomatic DVT · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes symptomatic DVT ( compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo

Complications ‐ DVT · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes complications ‐ DVT compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo

Residual varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes residual varicose veins compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review