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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,248 questions in 108 reviews · Stroke
current versionsNo studies 275 · 22%Ungraded 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
High‐dose VKA vs standard‐dose VKA Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for secondary prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.24, 2.25] | 2 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of patients with all vascular events (stroke, MI, non‐fatal cardiac arrest, unstable angina requiring revascularisation, vascular death) at 90 days and at 1 year · patients with TIA or ischaemic stroke Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of patients with safety events (total AEs, infections, SAEs) · patients with TIA or ischaemic stroke Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of patients with recurrent stroke (fatal and non‐fatal) at 90 days and at 1 year · patients with TIA or ischaemic stroke Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of patients with all‐cause death · patients with TIA or ischaemic stroke Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of patients with cardiovascular death · patients with TIA or ischaemic stroke Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of patients with infection · patients with TIA or ischaemic stroke Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of patients with non‐scheduled hospitalisation · patients with TIA or ischaemic stroke Anti‐inflammatory therapy for preventing stroke and other vascular events after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motor neuroprosthesis vs another assistive technology device Independence in activities of daily living · promoting recovery of function after stroke Motor neuroprosthesis for promoting recovery of function after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motor neuroprosthesis vs another assistive technology device Activities involving limbs · promoting recovery of function after stroke Motor neuroprosthesis for promoting recovery of function after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 605 participants | Low |
Motor neuroprosthesis vs another assistive technology device Participation scales of HRQoL timed measures at the end of treatment · promoting recovery of function after stroke Motor neuroprosthesis for promoting recovery of function after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 632 participants | Very low |
Motor neuroprosthesis vs another assistive technology device Exercise capacity: 6MWT (m) timed measures at the end of treatment · promoting recovery of function after stroke Motor neuroprosthesis for promoting recovery of function after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 692 participants | Low |
Motor neuroprosthesis vs another assistive technology device Balance: BBS timed measures at the end of treatment · promoting recovery of function after stroke Motor neuroprosthesis for promoting recovery of function after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 692 participants | Moderate |
Motor neuroprosthesis vs another assistive technology device Adverse events · promoting recovery of function after stroke Motor neuroprosthesis for promoting recovery of function after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [1.11, 1.97] | 4 studies · 829 participants | Low |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Motor imagery vs other therapies (control) Walking speed · People performing gait rehabilitation after stroke Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 191 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Motor imagery vs other therapies (control) Motor function · People performing gait rehabilitation after stroke Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 130 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Motor imagery vs other therapies (control) Functional mobility · People performing gait rehabilitation after stroke Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 116 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Motor imagery vs other therapies (control) Dependence on personal assistance · People performing gait rehabilitation after stroke Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 385 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Motor imagery vs other therapies (control) Walking endurance · People performing gait rehabilitation after stroke Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Motor imagery vs other therapies (control) Adverse events (including pain, falls and all‐cause deaths) · People performing gait rehabilitation after stroke Motor imagery for gait rehabilitation after stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 252 participants | Ungraded |
Citicoline vs placebo or standard treatment All‐cause mortality (at any time of trial) · people with acute ischemic stroke Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.83, 1.07] | 8 studies · 4362 participants | Low |
Citicoline vs placebo or standard treatment Disability or dependence in daily activities Patients with moderate or lower degree of disability or dependence (according to < 3 scores in the modified Rankin scale) lower scores indicate better outcome · people with acute ischemic stroke Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.97, 1.26] | 4 studies · 3668 participants | Low |
Citicoline vs placebo or standard treatment Severe adverse events · people with acute ischemic stroke Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [1, 1.26] | 3 studies · 3591 participants | Low |
Citicoline vs placebo or standard treatment Functional recoveryPatients with scores in the Barthel Index ≥ 95 points · people with acute ischemic stroke Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.94, 1.13] | 4 studies · 3850 participants | Low |
Citicoline vs placebo or standard treatment Neurological functionPatients with minor impairment (according to ≤ 1 scores in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) · people with acute ischemic stroke Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.96, 1.21] | 5 studies · 3950 participants | Low |
Citicoline vs placebo or standard treatment Quality of life (at the time of · people with acute ischemic stroke Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Calcium antagonists vs placebo Death or dependency at end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.98, 1.13] | 22 studies · 6684 participants | Moderate |
Nimodipine vs placebo Death at the end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.16] | 24 studies · 6312 participants | Moderate |
Nimodipine vs placebo Recurrence of stroke at the end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.96, 1.11] | 6 studies · 1677 participants | Moderate |
Nimodipine vs placebo Adverse events during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.74, 1.16] | 11 studies · 4604 participants | Moderate |
Nimodipine vs placebo Hypotension during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.5, 3.14] | 5 studies · 1648 participants | Moderate |
Nimodipine vs placebo Mean systolic blood pressure during or at end of treatment · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 630 participants | Low |
Flunarizine vs placebo Death or dependency at end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.34, 1.94] | 2 studies · 357 participants | Low |
Flunarizine vs placebo Death at the end of treatment · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.94, 1.82] | 3 studies · 790 participants | Low |
Flunarizine vs placebo Death at the end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [1.01, 1.77] | 3 studies · 790 participants | Low |
Flunarizine vs placebo Recurrence of stroke at the end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.35, 1.97] | 2 studies · 764 participants | Low |
Flunarizine vs placebo Adverse events during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 3.16 [1.91, 5.21] | 1 study · 331 participants | Low |
Calcium antagonists vs placebo Death at the end of treatment · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.93, 1.2] | 22 studies · 6323 participants | Moderate |
Flunarizine vs placebo Hypotension during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Flunarizine vs placebo Mean systolic blood pressure during or at end of treatment · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isradipine vs placebo Death or dependency at end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.74, 1.4] | 1 study · 234 participants | Low |
Isradipine vs placebo Death at the end of treatment · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isradipine vs placebo Death at the end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.6, 1.85] | 1 study · 234 participants | Low |
Isradipine vs placebo Recurrence of stroke at the end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isradipine vs placebo Adverse events during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isradipine vs placebo Hypotension during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isradipine vs placebo Mean systolic blood pressure during or at end of treatment · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other calcium antagonists vs placebo Death or dependency at end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Calcium antagonists vs placebo Death at the end of · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.98, 1.17] | 31 studies · 7483 participants | Moderate |
Other calcium antagonists vs placebo Death at the end of treatment · people with acute ischemic stroke Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.58, 1.66] | 3 studies · 370 participants | Low |