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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,050 questions in 42 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 37.2%Ungraded 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Monthly & PRN catheter replacement vs PRN catheter replacement Formal economic analysis ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics at time of replacement vs no antibiotics at time of replacement Symptomatic CAUTI ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics at time of replacement vs no antibiotics at time of replacement Participant satisfaction ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics at time of replacement vs no antibiotics at time of replacement Condition‐specific quality of life measures ‐ not reported · adults with replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters Policies for replacing long‐term indwelling urinary catheters in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (residual, i.e. not healed) (1) No‐rinse skin cleanser and skin cream (A) versus soap and water and lotion (B) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.08, 1.68] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Incremental cost‐effectiveness Zinc oxide oil (A) versus film‐forming skin product (B) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants with IAD (residual, i.e. not healed) (1) Washcloth with cleansing, moisturising, and protecting properties (A) versus water and pH neutral soap (B) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.12, 0.79] | 1 study · 121 participants | Moderate |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants with IAD (new) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants not satisfied with treatment · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants with pain due to IAD · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Number of participants with pain due to skin care product or procedure · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Adverse reaction due to the skin care product or procedure, e.g. skin irritation, rash, itching, allergic reaction · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any skin care procedure (method or frequency of application) vs any unstructured skin care procedure Incremental cost‐effectiveness · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (residual, i.e. not healed) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (new) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (residual, i.e. not healed) (2) Desitin (A) versus Calmoseptine (B) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [1, 1.34] | 1 study · 142 participants | Moderate |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants not satisfied with treatment · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with pain due to IAD · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with pain due to skin care product or procedure · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Adverse reaction due to the skin care product or procedure, e.g. skin irritation, rash, itching, allergic reaction · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any method of application of a topical skin care product vs another method of application of the topical skin care product Incremental cost‐effectiveness · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (residual, i.e. not healed) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (new) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants not satisfied with treatment · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with pain due to IAD · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product Number of participants with pain due to skin care product or procedure · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (new) (1) Skin cleanser (A) versus soap and water (B) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.17, 0.87] | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product Adverse reaction due to the skin care product or procedure, e.g. skin irritation, rash, itching, allergic reaction · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any frequency of application of a topical skin care product vs another frequency of application of the topical skin care product Incremental cost‐effectiveness · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (new) (2) Sudocrem (A) versus zinc oxide cream (B) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.2, 5.19] | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Number of participants with IAD (new) (3) No‐rinse skin cleanser/moisturiser and a film‐forming skin product (A) versus cleansing/moisturising/skin protecting washcloth (B) · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.35, 1.95] | 1 study · 64 participants | Low |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Number of participants not satisfied with treatment · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Number of participants with pain due to IAD · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Number of participants with pain due to skin care product or procedure · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any topical skin care product vs another topical skin care product Adverse reaction due to the skin care product or procedure, e.g. skin irritation, rash, itching, allergic reaction · adults with incontinence Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence‐associated dermatitis in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Perineal vs abdominal approach Number of patients with recurrent full‐thickness prolapse Surgery for complete (full‐thickness) rectal prolapse in adults (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.17, 2.88] | 1 study · 44 participants | Moderate |
Perineal vs abdominal approach Vaizey incontinence score 3 years post‐op Surgery for complete (full‐thickness) rectal prolapse in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Moderate |
Perineal vs abdominal approach Number of patients with postoperative complications Surgery for complete (full‐thickness) rectal prolapse in adults (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.65 [0.19, 2.23] | 1 study · 44 participants | Moderate |
Perineal vs abdominal approach Bowel function (bowel thermometer) Surgery for complete (full‐thickness) rectal prolapse in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 9 participants | Moderate |
Perineal vs abdominal approach Quality of life score (EQ‐5D) at 3 years Surgery for complete (full‐thickness) rectal prolapse in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Moderate |
Perineal vs abdominal approach Straining at 3 years post‐op Surgery for complete (full‐thickness) rectal prolapse in adults (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.06 [0, 1.33] | 1 study · 20 participants | Moderate |
Treatment of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment; Number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months · patients with postprostatectomy urinary incontinence Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.6, 1.22] | 3 studies · 665 participants | Moderate |
Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment Number of incontinent men with 3 to 6 months · patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.85 [0.32, 25.07] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Score (ICIQ‐SF) after 12 months · patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment Adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB · patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 4.86 [0.24, 99.39] | 1 study · 138 participants | Low |
Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment Economic Analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment Number of incontinent men within 6 to 12 months ‐ FES versus ExMI · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.21, 19.23] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment Quality of Life Score (ICI‐Q‐SF) within 6 to 12 months ‐ PFMT + ExMI versus PFMT · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment Adverse events PFMT + Anal EStim versus PFMT alone · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.24, 102.3] | 1 study · 140 participants | Low |
Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment Economic analysis using QALY · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |