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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Quinidine vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.25, 3.83] | 4 studies · 1107 participants | Low |
Dronedarone vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.8, 0.91] | 2 studies · 1443 participants | Moderate |
Sotalol vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.23 [1.03, 4.81] | 5 studies · 1882 participants | High |
Sotalol vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [1.23, 3.11] | 12 studies · 2688 participants | Moderate |
Sotalol vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 3.55 [2.16, 5.83] | 12 studies · 2989 participants | Moderate |
Sotalol vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.47 [0.48, 4.51] | 3 studies · 1161 participants | Moderate |
Sotalol vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.8, 0.87] | 14 studies · 3179 participants | High |
Quinidine vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.78, 0.88] | 7 studies · 1624 participants | High |
Disopyramide vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.25, 101.37] | 1 study · 92 participants | Very low |
Disopyramide vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 3.68 [0.95, 14.24] | 2 studies · 146 participants | Low |
Disopyramide vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Disopyramide vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.03, 2.91] | 2 studies · 146 participants | Very low |
NPPV vs SMC HOSPITAL MORTALITY · People with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.51, 0.82] | 21 studies · 2484 participants | Low |
NPPV vs SMC ETI RATE · People with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.38, 0.62] | 20 studies · 2449 participants | Moderate |
NPPV vs SMC ACUTE MI INCIDENCE · People with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.91, 1.16] | 5 studies · 1313 participants | Moderate |
NPPV vs SMC HOSPITAL LENGTH OF STAY · People with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1714 participants | Very low |
NPPV vs SMC ICU LENGTH OF STAY · People with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 587 participants | Very low |
NPPV vs SMC INTOLERANCE TO ALLOCATED TREATMENT ‐ not reported · People with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NPPV vs SMC ADVERSE EVENTS · People with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 2038 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Enrolment · adults (age 18 years or over) with myocardial infarction, stable angina, following coronary artery bypass graft… Interventions to promote patient utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [1.13, 1.42] | 19 studies · 3096 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adherence · adults (age 18 years or over) with myocardial infarction, stable angina, following coronary artery bypass graft… Interventions to promote patient utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1654 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Completion · adults (age 18 years or over) with myocardial infarction, stable angina, following coronary artery bypass graft… Interventions to promote patient utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [1.02, 1.25] | 8 studies · 1565 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events · adults (age 18 years or over) with myocardial infarction, stable angina, following coronary artery bypass graft… Interventions to promote patient utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention CVD mortality · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention CVD mortality · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.81 [0.5, 1.32] | 1 study · 7447 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Total mortality · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | HR 1 [0.81, 1.24] | 1 study · 7447 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Myocardial infarction · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.79 [0.57, 1.1] | 1 study · 7447 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Stroke · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.6 [0.45, 0.8] | 1 study · 7447 participants | Moderate |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Peripheral arterial disease · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.42 [0.28, 0.61] | 1 study · 7447 participants | Moderate |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Total cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 939 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 947 participants | Moderate |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 891 participants | Moderate |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Triglycerides (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 939 participants | Moderate |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 448 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Total mortality · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 448 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Adverse events · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 7447 participants | Moderate |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care CVD mortality · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.15, 0.82] | 1 study · 605 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care Total mortality · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.21, 0.92] | 1 study · 605 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care Total cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 441 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 441 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 441 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care Triglycerides (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 441 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 339 participants | Very low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 339 participants | Very low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Total cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · adults without cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 569 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care Adverse events · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 605 participants | Low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Total cardiac endpoints (all‐cause and cardiac deaths, myocardial infarction, hospital admissions for heart failure, unstable angina or stroke, unadjusted) · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.4, 2.41] | 1 study · 101 participants | Very low |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Total cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline (sensitivity analysis without Singh studies) · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline (sensitivity analysis without Singh studies) · adults with established cardiovascular disease Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low |