Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Probiotics vs placebo Health‐related quality of life (12 weeks) · people with ulcerative colitis in remission Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) Clinical relapse (52 weeks) · people with ulcerative colitis in remission Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.84, 1.22] | 2 studies · 452 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) Maintenance of clinical remission (52 weeks) · people with ulcerative colitis in remission Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.9, 1.25] | 1 study · 125 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) Serious adverse events (52 weeks) · people with ulcerative colitis in remission Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.41, 3.46] | 1 study · 327 participants | Very low |
Nasogastric vs nasojejunal tube feeding Mortality · Severe acute pancreatitis Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.36, 1.17] | 5 studies · 220 participants | Very low |
Nasogastric vs nasojejunal tube feeding Organ failure (single or multiple) · Severe acute pancreatitis Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.79, 1.25] | 3 studies · 145 participants | Very low |
Nasogastric vs nasojejunal tube feeding Rate of infection (local or systemic) · Severe acute pancreatitis Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.44, 1.3] | 2 studies · 108 participants | Very low |
Nasogastric vs nasojejunal tube feeding Success rate of the procedure · Severe acute pancreatitis Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.93, 1.2] | 3 studies · 159 participants | Very low |
Nasogastric vs nasojejunal tube feeding Complications associated with the procedure · Severe acute pancreatitis Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.07, 3.74] | 2 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Nasogastric vs nasojejunal tube feeding Surgical intervention · Severe acute pancreatitis Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.3, 2.5] | 3 studies · 145 participants | Very low |
Nasogastric vs nasojejunal tube feeding Requirement for parenteral nutrition · Severe acute pancreatitis Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.39, 2.71] | 2 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Electroacupuncture vs no treatment Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Electroacupuncture vs sham electroacupuncture Withdrawal due to adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.27] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only Fatigue · participants with IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only Fatigue · participants with IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only Quality of life · participants with IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only Adverse events · participants with IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only Serious adverse events · participants with IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT with therapist support vs fatigue information leaflet only Withdrawal due to adverse events · participants with IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical activity advice plus omega 3 vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus omega 3 vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus omega 3 vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Electroacupuncture vs no treatment Quality of life · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Physical activity advice plus omega 3 vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus omega 3 vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Quality of life · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus omega 3 vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus omega 3 vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Serious adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical activity advice plus omega 3 vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Withdrawal due to adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus placebo Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus placebo Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus placebo Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus placebo Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus placebo Adverse events: · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Electroacupuncture vs no treatment Adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus placebo Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Adverse events: · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical activity advice plus placebo vs no physical activity advice plus omega 3 Withdrawal due to adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electroacupuncture vs no treatment Serious adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Electroacupuncture vs no treatment Withdrawal due to adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Electroacupuncture vs sham electroacupuncture Fatigue · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Electroacupuncture vs sham electroacupuncture Quality of life · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Electroacupuncture vs sham electroacupuncture Adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.27] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Electroacupuncture vs sham electroacupuncture Serious adverse events · participants with quiescent IBD Interventions for fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Chemotherapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment Overall survival · advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.66 [0.52, 0.83] | 2 studies · 547 participants | Moderate |