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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

806 questions in 76 reviews · ENT

current versions

No studies 293 · 36.4%Ungraded 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intervention NR Reduction in number and/or duration of hospital stay(s) · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Reduction in volume of disease, assessed endoscopically · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 23 participants	Very low
Hearing aids vs sound generator Tinnitus severity or handicap Measured by Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (scale range from 0 to 100) · patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 91 participants	Moderate
Hearing aids vs sound generator Tinnitus sound quality (loudness) · patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 91 participants	Low
Hearing aids vs sound generator Generalised anxiety ‐ not measured · patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Hearing aids vs sound generator Generalised depression ‐ not measured · patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Hearing aids vs sound generator Quality of life ‐ not measured · patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Hearing aids vs sound generator Coping (style) ‐ not measured · patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Hearing aids vs sound generator Neurophysiology changes ‐ not measured · patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Hearing aids vs sound generator Adverse events of hearing aid fitting and use ‐ not measured · patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co‐existing hearing loss (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Pain: severity score day 1 Scale from: 1 to 5 · patients with tonsillectomy Oral rinses, mouthwashes and sprays for improving recovery following tonsillectomy (2013) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Intervention NR Mean improvement in pure‐tone average hearing threshold across all frequencies Decibels Scale from: 0 to 120 · patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss or tinnitus Hyperbaric oxygen for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 169 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR More than 50% improvement in pure‐tone average threshold Risk ratio · patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss or tinnitus Hyperbaric oxygen for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus (2012) · Cochrane	RR 1.53 [0.85, 2.78]	2 studies · 114 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR More than 25% improvement in pure‐tone average threshold Risk ratio · patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss or tinnitus Hyperbaric oxygen for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus (2012) · Cochrane	RR 1.39 [1.05, 1.84]	2 studies · 114 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR All‐cause study withdrawal Investigator‐recorded · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.18, 3.21]	2 studies · 130 participants	High
Intervention NR Change in allergic rhinitis daily symptom score during the grass pollen season Each daily symptom score was the summation of (i) runny nose score, (ii) itchy nose score and (iii) sneezing score (each of these scores self recorded on a severity sca... · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 100 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Percentage of well days during the grass pollen season Well days were those days with a symptom score of less than or equal to 2, and no use of rescue medication Scale from: 0 to 100 · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 100 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Total quality of life score over 12 weeks Assessed as the total score over the entire 12‐week study period in the Juniper RQLQ, i.e. a patient‐specific test instrument derived from 28 questions drawn from 7 dimensions (sleep, non‐hay fever symptom... · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 30 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Percentage of days requiring rescue medication (i.e. as tablets) during the grass pollen season Self recorded each day4 Scale from: 0 to 100 · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 100 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Hospitalisation due to any adverse event Investigator‐assessed · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane	RR 2.88 [0.31, 26.69]	1 study · 96 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Any gastrointestinal adverse event Self recorded · patients with allergic rhinitis1 Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis (2012) · Cochrane	RR 1.79 [1.31, 2.45]	1 study · 96 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: oral steroids vs control Hearing loss [6 weeks] · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.09 [0.8, 1.49]	1 study · 44 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic OME resolution at long‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic Symptoms · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic Adverse effects [2 weeks to 6 months] · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.5 [0.81, 2.78]	2 studies · 255 participants	Low
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids vs control Median days with hearing loss [3 months] · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	200 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids vs control Hearing loss (Audiometry failing) [9 months]2 · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.17 [0.87, 1.58]	141 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids vs control OME resolution at short‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.64 [0.31, 1.31]	1 study · 44 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids vs control OME resolution at intermediate‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.11 [0.85, 1.46]	1 study · 172 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids vs control OME resolution at long‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.85	1 study · 144 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids vs control Symptoms · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids vs control Adverse effects [3 months] · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.26 [0.8, 1.99]	2 studies · 231 participants	Low
Summary of findings: oral steroids vs control OME resolution at short‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 3.8 [0.93, 15.52]	3 studies · 108 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids plus oral antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic Hearing loss · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids plus oral antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic OME resolution at short‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids plus oral antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic OME resolution at intermediate‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.26 [0.54, 2.96]	1 study · 59 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids plus oral antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic OME resolution at long‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids plus oral antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic Symptom score [3 months] · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	39 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: intranasal steroids plus oral antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic Adverse effects [3 months] · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 59 participants	Ungraded
Summary of findings: oral steroids vs control OME resolution at intermediate‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.54 [0.76, 3.14]	3 studies · 106 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: oral steroids vs control OME resolution at long‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: oral steroids vs control Symptoms · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: oral steroids vs control Adverse effects [4 to 6 weeks] · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 143 participants	Ungraded
Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic Hearing loss [2 months]1 · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.73, 1.4]	1 study · 99 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic OME resolution at short‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	RR 1.99 [1.14, 3.49]	5 studies · 409 participants	High
Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic OME resolution at intermediate‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion Oral or topical nasal steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children (2011) · Cochrane	1.44 [0.97, 2.13]	2 studies · 231 participants	High
Roxithromycin vs placebo Patient response score Scale from: 1 to 6 · chronic rhinosinusitis in adults Systemic antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in adults (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 64 participants	Low
Roxithromycin vs placebo Mean change from baseline of SNOT‐20 at the end of treatment Scale from: 0 to 5 · chronic rhinosinusitis in adults Systemic antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in adults (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 64 participants	Low
Roxithromycin vs placebo Mean change from baseline of SNOT‐20 at 3 months post‐treatment Scale from: 0 to 5 · chronic rhinosinusitis in adults Systemic antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in adults (2011) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 64 participants	Low
Corticosteroids vs placebo Vertigo · Patients with idiopathic acute vestibular dysfunction (vestibular neuritis) Corticosteroids for the treatment of idiopathic acute vestibular dysfunction (vestibular neuritis) (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.39 [0.04, 3.57]	2 studies · 60 participants	Low