Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs usual care or placebo Transfusion‐free interval (days) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One dose or dose regimen of a foetal haemoglobin inducer vs another dose or dose regimen of the same foetal haemoglobin inducer Thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 50 × 103/μL) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.68 [1.12, 12.07] | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer Frequency of transfusion (transfused volume/year) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer Transfusion‐free interval (days) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer Haemoglobin level (g/dL) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Low |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer HbF levels (%) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer QoL · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two or more foetal haemoglobin inducers at any dose or duration vs a usual management protocol, placebo or a single foetal haemoglobin inducer Adverse events · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 104 participants | Very low |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs usual care or placebo Haemoglobin (g/dL) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs usual care or placebo HbF (%) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs usual care or placebo QoL · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs usual care or placebo Adverse events · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 56 participants | Very low |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs another foetal haemoglobin inducer Frequency of transfusion (transfused volume/year) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs another foetal haemoglobin inducer Transfusion‐free interval (days) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single foetal haemoglobin inducer at any dose or duration vs another foetal haemoglobin inducer Haemoglobin (g/dL) · people with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia Foetal haemoglobin inducers for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassaemias (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 118 participants | Low |
Summary of findings for nasal irrigation with topical steroids plus sinus surgery vs nasal irrigation with topical steroids alone Change in QoL SNOT‐20 · children and adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Surgery for nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for nasal irrigation with topical steroids plus sinus surgery vs nasal irrigation with topical steroids alone Complications of surgery · children and adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Surgery for nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for nasal irrigation with topical steroids plus sinus surgery vs nasal irrigation with topical steroids alone Change in lung function (FEV1 % predicted) · children and adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Surgery for nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for nasal irrigation with topical steroids plus sinus surgery vs nasal irrigation with topical steroids alone Eradication of bacterial infection · children and adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Surgery for nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for nasal irrigation with topical steroids plus sinus surgery vs nasal irrigation with topical steroids alone Clinical improvement(visual analogue scale) · children and adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Surgery for nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for nasal irrigation with topical steroids plus sinus surgery vs nasal irrigation with topical steroids alone Frequency of pulmonary exacerbations · children and adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Surgery for nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for nasal irrigation with topical steroids plus sinus surgery vs nasal irrigation with topical steroids alone Mortality · children and adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Surgery for nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise prescription plus the use of a wearable fitness tracker vs exercise prescription alone Adherence to exercise training (long term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wearable fitness tracker plus text message for personalized feedback and goal setting vs wearable fitness tracker alone Time to subsequent pulmonary exacerbation (medium term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wearable fitness tracker plus text message for personalized feedback and goal setting vs wearable fitness tracker alone Usability of digital health technology (medium term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wearable fitness tracker plus text message for personalized feedback and goal setting vs wearable fitness tracker alone QoL (long term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wearable fitness tracker plus text message for personalized feedback and goal setting vs wearable fitness tracker alone Lung function – FEV1 % predicted (medium term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Wearable fitness tracker plus text message for personalized feedback and goal setting vs wearable fitness tracker alone Exercise capacity (long term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based application to record, monitor and set goals on physical activity plus usual care vs usual care alone Adherence to exercise training (long term) · adolescents and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based application to record, monitor and set goals on physical activity plus usual care vs usual care alone Self‐management behavior (long term) · adolescents and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based application to record, monitor and set goals on physical activity plus usual care vs usual care alone Time to subsequent pulmonary exacerbation (medium term) · adolescents and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Web‐based application to record, monitor and set goals on physical activity plus usual care vs usual care alone Usability of digital health technology (medium term) · adolescents and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based application to record, monitor and set goals on physical activity plus usual care vs usual care alone QoL (long term) · adolescents and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise prescription plus the use of a wearable fitness tracker vs exercise prescription alone Self‐management behavior (long term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based application to record, monitor and set goals on physical activity plus usual care vs usual care alone Lung function – FEV % predicted (medium term) · adolescents and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Low |
Web‐based application to record, monitor and set goals on physical activity plus usual care vs usual care alone Exercise capacity (long term) · adolescents and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based vs face‐to‐face exercise delivery Adherence to exercise training (long term) · children and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based vs face‐to‐face exercise delivery Self‐management behavior (long term) · children and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based vs face‐to‐face exercise delivery Time to subsequent pulmonary exacerbation (medium term) · children and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based vs face‐to‐face exercise delivery Usability of digital health technology (medium term) · children and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based vs face‐to‐face exercise delivery QoL: CFQ‐R scores (long term) · children and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based vs face‐to‐face exercise delivery Lung function (FEV1 % predicted) (medium term) · children and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Web‐based vs face‐to‐face exercise delivery Exercise capacity · children and adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise prescription plus the use of a wearable fitness tracker vs exercise prescription alone Time to subsequent pulmonary exacerbation (medium term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise prescription plus the use of a wearable fitness tracker vs exercise prescription alone Usability of digital health technology (medium term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise prescription plus the use of a wearable fitness tracker vs exercise prescription alone QoL: CFQ‐R scores (long term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise prescription plus the use of a wearable fitness tracker vs exercise prescription alone Lung function – FEV1 % predicted (medium term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Exercise prescription plus the use of a wearable fitness tracker vs exercise prescription alone Exercise capacity – submaximal GXT (long term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wearable fitness tracker plus text message for personalized feedback and goal setting vs wearable fitness tracker alone Adherence to exercise training (long term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wearable fitness tracker plus text message for personalized feedback and goal setting vs wearable fitness tracker alone Self‐management behavior (long term) · adults with CF Digital technology for delivering and monitoring exercise programs for people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |