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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways

current versions

No studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Supportive intervention vs control 2.3 N deemed adherent (≥ four hours/night) · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway… (2020) · Cochrane	OR 1.68 [1.08, 2.6]	2 studies · 376 participants	Low
Supportive intervention vs control 2.4 Withdrawals · adults with obstructive sleep apnoea Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway… (2020) · Cochrane	OR 1.27 [0.97, 1.66]	11 studies · 1702 participants	Low
Sublingual immunotherapy vs control Exacerbation requiring ED or hospital visit Weighted mean duration of studies: 31 weeks · adults and children with asthma Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	OR 0.35 [0.1, 1.2]	2 studies · 108 participants	Very low
Sublingual immunotherapy vs control Quality of life · adults and children with asthma Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Sublingual immunotherapy vs control Serious adverse events Weighted mean duration of studies: 56 weeks · adults and children with asthma Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	29 studies · 4810 participants	Moderate
Sublingual immunotherapy vs control Exacerbation requiring OCS Weighted mean duration of studies: 58 weeks · adults and children with asthma Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	OR 0.75 [0.45, 1.24]	5 studies · 1364 participants	Very low
Sublingual immunotherapy vs control All adverse events Weighted mean duration of studies: 62 weeks** · adults and children with asthma Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	OR 1.99 [1.49, 2.67]	27 studies · 4251 participants	High
Sublingual immunotherapy vs control Bronchial provocation · adults and children with asthma Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 200 participants	Low
Sublingual immunotherapy vs control ICS use · adults and children with asthma Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 778 participants	Low
Pulmonary rehabilitation/exercise training vs no intervention Time/change in time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 190 participants	Low
Intervention NR Time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 411 participants	Low
Intervention NR Time in moderate‐intensity physical activity · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 35 participants	Low
Intervention NR Change in time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 131 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 426 participants	Moderate
Pulmonary rehabilitation/exercise training vs no intervention Time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 275 participants	Moderate
Pulmonary rehabilitation/exercise training vs no intervention Time in moderate intensity physical activity · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 97 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Change in time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 58 participants	Low
Intervention NR Time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Intervention NR Time in moderate‐intensity physical activity · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 97 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Change in time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 280 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Change in time in moderate intensity physical activity · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 43 participants	Low
Intervention NR Time in MVPA · people with COPD, clinical stability Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 26 participants	Moderate
PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Exacerbation rate (participants with one or more) study duration: 12 months · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.46 [0.26, 0.81]	1 study · 100 participants	Low
PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pneumonia and other serious adverse events · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Quality of life · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Lung function indices · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Acute respiratory infections study duration: 12 months · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.67, 1.39]	1 study · 100 participants	Very low
PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Disease‐specific adverse events · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Atorvastatin vs placebo Asthma exacerbations requiring hospitalisation or a course of steroids · people with asthma Statins for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Atorvastatin vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · people with asthma Statins for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Atorvastatin vs placebo Lung function: change in morning PEF · people with asthma Statins for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	MD 12.32	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Atorvastatin vs placebo Lung function: change in FEV1 (pre) · people with asthma Statins for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	MD 0.13	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Atorvastatin vs placebo Lung function: change in FEV1 (post) · people with asthma Statins for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	MD 0.11	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Atorvastatin vs placebo Serious adverse events or adverse events · people with asthma Statins for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Atorvastatin vs placebo Asthma control: change in ACQ · people with asthma Statins for asthma (2020) · Cochrane	MD 0.41	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophilic phenotype · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.81 [0.71, 0.93]	2 studies · 911 participants	High
Mepolizumab 300 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophilic phenotype · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.86 [0.7, 1.06]	1 study · 451 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 300 mg vs placebo Time to first moderate or severe exacerbation Eosinophilic phenotype · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Hazard ratio 0.77 [0.6, 0.99]	1 study · 451 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 300 mg vs placebo Rate of exacerbations with ED visit or hospitalisations Eosinophilic phenotype · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.83 [0.51, 1.35]	1 study · 451 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 300 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Odds ratio 0.84 [0.56, 1.27]	1 study · 451 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 300 mg vs placebo Health‐related quality of life: change in SGRQ total score Scale: 0 to 100 (lower is better) Eosinophilic phenotype · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 451 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 750 mg vs placebo Number of participants experiencing an exacerbation within 6 months · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Odds ratio 0.43 [0.06, 2.97]	1 study · 18 participants	Low
Mepolizumab 750 mg vs placebo Number of participants experiencing an exacerbation in 4‐month · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Odds ratio 9 [0.75, 108.31]	1 study · 18 participants	Low
Mepolizumab 750 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Odds ratio 3 [0.22, 40.93]	1 study · 18 participants	Low
Mepolizumab 750 mg vs placebo Heath‐related quality of life (CRQ at 6 months) · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 18 participants	Low
Mepolizumab 750 mg vs placebo Lung function (FEV₁) (litres post‐bronchodilator) at 6 months · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 18 participants	Low
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations All participants · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.92 [0.82, 1.03]	2 studies · 1285 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 10 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.85 [0.71, 1.02]	1 study · 765 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 10 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 1.04 [0.82, 1.32]	1 study · 365 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 10 mg vs placebo Rate of severe exacerbations requiring hospitalisation Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.68 [0.49, 0.94]	1 study · 765 participants	Moderate