What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in hyperkalaemia compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.46, 2.38]
  5 studies · 22849 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 2109 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 92 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 92 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  20 studies · 21414 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in hypertension compared with regular salt (low certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.03]
  1 study · 2566 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes blood pressure control compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.12 [1.32, 3.41]
  2 studies · 253 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes cardiovascular events: various compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [0.49, 3.04]
  5 studies · 982 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular events: non‐fatal stroke compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01]
  3 studies · 21250 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention probably leads to lower cardiovascular events: non‐fatal acute coronary syndrome (events per… compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.7 [0.52, 0.94]
  1 study · 20995 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) compared with regular salt (moderate certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.77 [0.6, 1]
  3 studies · 23200 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention vs regular salt

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ LSSS intervention changes stroke mortality (events per 100,000 person‐years) compared with regular salt (very low certainty).

• Replacing salt with low‐sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.64 [0.33, 1.25]
  2 studies · 21423 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.71 [0.54, 0.94]
  4 studies · 769 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… may leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with control intervention alone (low certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.51 [0.29, 0.9]
  3 studies · 677 participants
  Low