Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,062 questions · 1,113 findings · 171 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 161 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 41 · 3.7%Very low 269 · 24.2%Low 321 · 28.8%Moderate 252 · 22.6%High 69 · 6.2%

Intervention not reported

Disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) · participants with low back pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) · participants with low back pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) · patients with low back pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) · patients with low back pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in disability Multiple scales: scale from 0 to 100 (worse disability) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs control

Smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Intensive behavioural intervention (multiple contacts, initiated at least 4 weeks before surgery) · People awaiting surgery

Behavioural intervention probably leads to higher smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Intensive behavioural… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Function Multiple tools4 · patients with osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Multiple interventions · Employees who smoke

The intervention probably leads to higher multiple interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SMP vs usual care

Quality of life measured on multiple scales (0 to 100; higher score = better quality of life) Postintervention: first assessment after end of treatment; no later than 3 months · patients with osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review