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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

366 questions · 703 findings · 59 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 20 · 2.8%GRADE not reported 630 · 89.6%Very low 27 · 3.8%Low 12 · 1.7%Moderate 7 · 1%High 7 · 1%

Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs High-content fluoride toothpaste (1350 ppm)

Adverse effects · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws)
1 finding from 1 review

Er:YAG laser preparation combined with acid-etching vs Acid-etching (phosphoric acid)

Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Children (high caries risk) with permanent molars requiring pit-and-fissure sealants

Caries incidence was 10% with laser-plus-acid versus 22% with acid-etching at 18 months, a non-significant difference (ungraded, single study).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs High-content fluoride toothpaste (1350 ppm)

Incidence of ORN · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws)
1 finding from 1 review

Low income vs High income

Prevalence of untreated decay (% DT > 0) · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

In Australia, low versus high income differed by 11.90 percentage points in prevalence of untreated decay.

5 findings from 1 review
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Medium income vs High income

Prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

In Canada, medium versus high income differed by 8.3 percentage points in prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health.

4 findings from 1 review
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Medium income vs High income

Prevalence of untreated decay (% DT > 0) · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

In Australia, medium versus high income differed by 6.8 percentage points in prevalence of untreated decay.

4 findings from 1 review
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Low income vs High income

Mean number of decayed teeth (mean DT) · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

Across four countries, low versus high income differed by 0.44 decayed teeth in mean number of decayed teeth (random-effects meta-analysis; I2=76.4%).

5 findings from 1 review
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Populations with low socioeconomic status (>=22.4% of the population with low SES) vs Populations with higher socioeconomic status (<22.4% of the population with low SES)

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years

Populations with a higher proportion of people with low socioeconomic status had higher caries experience (pooled DMFT 15.99 vs 5.50), and meta-regression associated low SES with higher DMFT (about 10.35 more DMFT per unit; p=0.050); ungraded observational evidence.

5 findings from 1 review
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Populations with a lower proportion of university-educated people (<33.78% with university level) vs Populations with a higher proportion of university-educated people (>=33.78% with university level)

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years

The proportion of university-educated people was not associated with caries experience (DMFT); pooled DMFT was similar across subgroups and the meta-regression was non-significant; ungraded observational evidence.

5 findings from 1 review
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Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs placebo or usual care

Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children with high risk of dental decay

It is very uncertain whether slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) changes increase in DMFS at 2 years compared with baseline compared with placebo or usual care (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs placebo or usual care

Caries increment, tooth index D(M)FT · Children with high risk of dental decay

It is very uncertain whether slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) changes increase in DMFT at 2 years compared with baseline compared with placebo or usual care (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HDI (quantitative) vs Populations in countries with a higher Human Development Index (very high, HDI >=0.800)

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years

Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity.

3 findings from 1 review

Medium income vs High income

Mean number of decayed teeth (mean DT) · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

In United States, medium versus high income differed by 0.1 decayed teeth in mean number of decayed teeth.

4 findings from 1 review
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Low income vs High income

Prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

Across four countries, low versus high income differed by 15.77 percentage points in prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health (random-effects meta-analysis; I2=13.4%).

5 findings from 1 review
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Populations with a low level of schooling (>=33.60% of the population with low schooling) vs Populations with a higher level of schooling (<33.60% of the population with low schooling)

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years

Population level of schooling was not significantly associated with caries experience (DMFT) in subgroup meta-analysis or meta-regression; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity.

5 findings from 1 review
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