Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,615 questions · 1,673 findings · 190 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 278 · 16.6%GRADE not reported 85 · 5.1%Very low 328 · 19.6%Low 460 · 27.5%Moderate 402 · 24%High 120 · 7.2%

220 mg zinc sulphate supplement containing 50 mg elemental zinc vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether 220 mg zinc sulphate supplement containing 50 mg elemental zinc changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

250 mg magnesium oxide supplement vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether 250 mg magnesium oxide supplement changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

1000 mg/day omega‐3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil supplement vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether 1000 mg/day omega‐3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil supplement changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound width reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound length reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound depth reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer dimensions over time: mean (SD) cm wound width reduction · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs lithium

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Adults (aged 18 and over) with acute mania

Valproate showed no clear difference in individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 3 weeks (secondary… compared with lithium (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs lithium

Adverse events: somnolence/sedation · Children and adolescents with acute mania

It is very uncertain whether valproate changes individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 8 weeks (secondary… compared with lithium (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs placebo

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Adults (aged 18 and over) with acute mania

Valproate showed no clear difference in individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 3‐8 weeks (secondary… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Valproate vs placebo

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Children and adolescents with acute mania

It is very uncertain whether valproate changes individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 4 weeks (secondary… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review