Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,783 questions · 10,022 findings · 882 reviews

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No studies found 2,100 · 21%GRADE not reported 1,013 · 10.1%Very low 2,237 · 22.3%Low 2,514 · 25.1%Moderate 1,709 · 17.1%High 449 · 4.5%

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Biofeedback vs hypnotherapy

Depression · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Low

Biofeedback vs hypnotherapy

Anxiety · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 509 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

All‐cause mortality · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.26 [0.07, 1.06]
3 studies · 492 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Physical functioning component of health‐related quality of life, measured using various scales · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 267 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 387 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Cardiac output · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 310 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 303 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.2 [0.66, 2.17]
2 studies · 227 participants
Moderate

IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy

Difference in mean IOP from baseline at < 6 months · open‐angle glaucoma

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 184 participants
Very low

IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy

Health‐related quality of life · open‐angle glaucoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy

Intraoperative complications · open‐angle glaucoma

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 101 participants
GRADE not reported

IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy

Postoperative complications · open‐angle glaucoma

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 286 participants
GRADE not reported

IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy

Secondary glaucoma surgery · open‐angle glaucoma

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 286 participants
GRADE not reported

IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy

Proportion of participants who were drop‐free · open‐angle glaucoma

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 286 participants
Very low

IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy

Mean change in number of IOP‐lowering drops from baseline · open‐angle glaucoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Slow-release fluoride devices vs Alternative fluoride therapy (topical fluoride: toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel, or varnish)

Outcome not reported · Children or adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Slow‐release fluoride devices for the control of dental decay 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
We found no studies comparing a slow-release fluoride device versus alternative fluoride therapy
0 studies
No studies found

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Death · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

It is very uncertain whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) changes death compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.61, 2.06]
8 studies · 826 participants
Very low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

ESKD · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

It is very uncertain whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) changes ESKD compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.27, 1.84]
3 studies · 231 participants
Very low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs IV cyclophosphamide

Complete renal remission · patients with induction therapy in lupus nephritis

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) showed no clear difference in complete renal remission compared with IV cyclophosphamide (CPA) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.97, 1.42]
8 studies · 828 participants
Low