Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,429 questions · 3,558 findings · 436 reviews

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No studies found 660 · 18.5%GRADE not reported 375 · 10.5%Very low 727 · 20.4%Low 887 · 24.9%Moderate 709 · 19.9%High 200 · 5.6%

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Ever diagnosed as asthmatic by 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in ever diagnosed as asthmatic by 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.55, 1.39]
1 study · 73 participants
Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.88, 1.32]
3 studies · 429 participants
Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Hyperglycaemia · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in hyperglycaemia compared with systemic steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.61, 1.22]
3 studies · 429 participants
Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Hypertension · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids may leads to lower hypertension compared with systemic steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86
3 studies · 429 participants
Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

General conceptual ability (GCA) score at 7 years The test has a standardisation mean of 100 and SD of 15 · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in general conceptual ability (GCA) score at 7 years The test has a… compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 74 participants
Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Moderate/severe disability at 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in moderate/severe disability at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.49, 4.01]
1 study · 74 participants
Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Death or moderate/severe disability at 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or moderate/severe disability at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.65, 1.58]
1 study · 107 participants
Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Systolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in systolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.25, 1.23]
1 study · 70 participants
Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

BPD or death at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age№ of participants: 0 (0 RCTs) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age among all randomised compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.88, 1.35]
1 study · 278 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

BPD at 28 days · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

The intervention showed no clear difference in BPD at 28 days (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.96, 1.34]
2 studies · 233 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Ever diagnosed as asthmatic by 7 years of age · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

The intervention probably leads to lower ever diagnosed as asthmatic by 7 years of age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.19, 0.94]
1 study · 48 participants
Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Death or BPD (28 days) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.2]
2 studies · 294 participants
Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.45 [0.99, 2.11]
1 study · 278 participants
Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

BPD at 28 days · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.98, 1.48]
2 studies · 294 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 294 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Duration of supplemental oxygen (days) · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 294 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Hyperglycaemia · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

The intervention probably leads to lower hyperglycaemia (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.39, 0.71]
1 study · 278 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Patent ductus arteriosus · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

The intervention probably leads to higher patent ductus arteriosus (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.64 [1.23, 2.17]
1 study · 278 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

The intervention showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.34 [0.94, 1.9]
1 study · 206 participants
Moderate

COURT ORDERED OUTPATIENT COMMITMENT vs ENTIRELY VOLUNTARY CARE

Patient readmissions · people with severe mental disorders

COURT ORDERED OUTPATIENT COMMITMENT showed no clear difference in health service outcomes: 1. Readmission to hospital by 11 to 12 months compared with ENTIRELY VOLUNTARY CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.79, 1.21]
2 studies · 416 participants
Low