What do systematic reviews say?

NSAIDs vs oral contraceptive pill (control)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

IV showed no clear difference in complete remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.58 [0.65, 3.85]
  2 studies · 61 participants
  Low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

IV showed no clear difference in partial remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.15, 6.55]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

IV showed no clear difference in continuing remission at one year compared with oral cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.19, 3.01]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

IV showed no clear difference in adverse events: renal insufficiency compared with oral cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.99]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

It is very uncertain whether IV changes adverse events: bacterial infection compared with oral cyclophosphamide (very low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.1, 10.62]
  2 studies · 61 participants
  Very low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

It is very uncertain whether IV changes adverse events: vomiting compared with oral cyclophosphamide (very low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.38 [0.35, 16.17]
  2 studies · 61 participants
  Very low

IV vs oral cyclophosphamide

IV showed no clear difference in adverse events: alopecia compared with oral cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.27, 8.22]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: complete remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.65, 1.96]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: partial remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.14, 5.79]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: complete or partial remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.68, 1.74]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 18 months: sustained… compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.65, 1.96]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 18 months: CKD compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.06, 13.35]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

IV cyclophosphamide may leads to lower adverse events: hypertension compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.04 [0, 0.68]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in adverse events: bacterial infections compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.27, 1.63]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Low

Postoperative parenteral nutrition vs oral nutrition alone

Postoperative parenteral nutrition may leads to higher complications compared with oral nutrition alone (low certainty).

• Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.4 [1.07, 1.82]
  1 study · 157 participants
  Low

Postoperative parenteral nutrition vs oral nutrition alone

• Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 157 participants
  Low

Postoperative parenteral nutrition vs oral nutrition alone

It is very uncertain whether postoperative parenteral nutrition changes mortality compared with oral nutrition alone (very low certainty).

• Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.07, 17.62]
  1 study · 157 participants
  Very low

Intravenous iron vs oral iron

Intravenous iron therapy may leads to higher ferritin preoperatively postintervention (ng/L) compared with oral iron therapy (low certainty).

• Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 395.03 [227.72, 562.35]
  2 studies · 151 participants
  Low

Intravenous iron vs oral iron

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found