What do systematic reviews say?

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

• Perioperative administration of buffered versus non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 720 participants
  Moderate

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

• Perioperative administration of buffered versus non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 530 participants
  Moderate

Sentinel node biopsy vs full axillary surgery

Sentinel node biopsy may leads to lower paraesthesia compared with full axillary surgery (low certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.15 [0.09, 0.23]
  2 studies · 495 participants
  Low

Sentinel node biopsy vs full axillary surgery

Sentinel node biopsy may leads to lower pain compared with full axillary surgery (low certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.44 [0.3, 0.67]
  2 studies · 877 participants
  Low

Sentinel node biopsy vs full axillary surgery

Sentinel node biopsy probably leads to lower numbness compared with full axillary surgery (moderate certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.43 [0.34, 0.54]
  3 studies · 1799 participants
  Moderate

Radiotherapy vs full axillary surgery

Radiotherapy alone showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with full axillary surgery (high certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.1 [1, 1.21]
  4 studies · 2469 participants
  High

Radiotherapy vs full axillary surgery

Radiotherapy alone leads to lower local recurrence compared with full axillary surgery (high certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.8 [0.64, 0.99]
  4 studies · 22256 participants
  High

Axillary sampling vs full axillary surgery

Axillary sampling showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with full axillary surgery (low certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.73, 1.21]
  3 studies · 967 participants
  Low

Axillary sampling vs full axillary surgery

Axillary sampling showed no clear difference in local recurrence compared with full axillary surgery (low certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.41 [0.94, 2.12]
  3 studies · 1404 participants
  Low

Sentinel node biopsy vs full axillary surgery

Sentinel node biopsy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with full axillary surgery (moderate certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.05 [0.89, 1.25]
  3 studies · 6352 participants
  Moderate

Sentinel node biopsy vs full axillary surgery

Sentinel node biopsy may leads to lower lymphoedema Patient‐reported lymphoedema of any severity compared with full axillary surgery (low certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.33 [0.15, 0.86]
  3 studies · 815 participants
  Low

Sentinel node biopsy vs full axillary surgery

It is very uncertain whether sentinel node biopsy changes subjective arm movement impairment compared with full axillary surgery (very low certainty).

• Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.38 [0.22, 0.67]
  2 studies · 877 participants
  Very low

Misoprostol vs surgery

Misoprostol may leads to higher unplanned surgical intervention compared with surgery (low certainty).

• Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.03 [2.71, 9.35]
  11 studies · 2690 participants
  Low

Misoprostol vs surgery

Misoprostol showed no clear difference in women's views/acceptability of method compared with surgery (moderate certainty).

• Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.99, 1]
  9 studies · 3349 participants
  Moderate

Misoprostol vs surgery

Misoprostol may leads to higher nausea compared with surgery (low certainty).

• Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.5 [1.53, 4.09]
  11 studies · 3015 participants
  Low

Misoprostol vs surgery

Misoprostol probably leads to higher vomiting compared with surgery (moderate certainty).

• Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.97 [1.36, 2.85]
  10 studies · 2977 participants
  Moderate

Misoprostol vs surgery

Misoprostol probably leads to higher diarrhoea compared with surgery (moderate certainty).

• Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.82 [1.09, 21.32]
  4 studies · 757 participants
  Moderate

Misoprostol vs surgery

It is very uncertain whether misoprostol changes complete miscarriage compared with surgery (very low certainty).

• Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.94, 0.98]
  15 studies · 3862 participants
  Very low

Misoprostol vs surgery

It is very uncertain whether misoprostol changes surgical evacuation compared with surgery (very low certainty).

• Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.05 [0.02, 0.11]
  13 studies · 3070 participants
  Very low

Laparoscopic vs open surgery

• Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 360 participants
  Low