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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,518 questions in 135 reviews · Infectious Diseases
current versionsNo studies 135 · 8.9%Ungraded 150 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 23.1%Low 420 · 27.7%Moderate 321 · 21.1%High 142 · 9.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) vs control Erythema · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.33, 4.03] | 3 studies · 132261 participants | Low |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Incidence of typhoid fever – year 1 · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.06 [0.01, 0.25] | 1 study · 12008 participants | Moderate |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Incidence of typhoid fever – year 2 · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.04, 0.44] | 1 study · 12008 participants | Moderate |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2 years · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.09 [0.04, 0.22] | 1 study · 12008 participants | Moderate |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 3.8 years · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.05, 0.23] | 1 study · 12008 participants | Moderate |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Serious adverse events · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12008 participants | Ungraded |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Fever after Vi‐rEPA (dose1) · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.54 [1.69, 3.62] | 1 study · 12008 participants | Moderate |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Fever after Vi‐rEPA (dose2) · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.39 [2.85, 6.77] | 1 study · 11091 participants | Moderate |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Erythema after Vi‐rEPA (dose 2) · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.01 [0.19, 22.21] | 1 study · 11091 participants | Low |
Ty21a vaccine (three doses) vs control Cases of typhoid fever, Year 2 · adults and children aged 5 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.29, 0.57] | 3 studies · 76296 participants | Moderate |
Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control Swelling at injection site after Vi‐rEPA (dose 2) · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 20.15 [2.71, 150.08] | 1 study · 11091 participants | Moderate |
Vi‐TT conjugate vaccine (PedaTyph) (2 doses) vs control Incidence of typhoid fever – year 1 · children aged 6 months to 12 years Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.06 [0, 1.01] | 1 study · 1625 participants | Very low |
Ty21a vaccine (three doses) vs control Cases of typhoid fever, Year 3 · adults and children aged 5 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.25, 0.76] | 3 studies · 76296 participants | Moderate |
Ty21a vaccine (three doses) vs control Cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2.5 to 3 years · adults and children aged 5 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.39, 0.65] | 4 studies · 235239 participants | Moderate |
Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) vs control Incidence of typhoid fever – year 1 Blood culture · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.26, 0.37] | 3 studies · 99797 participants | High |
Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) vs control Incidence of typhoid fever – year 2 · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.31, 0.55] | 4 studies · 194969 participants | Moderate |
Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) vs control Incidence of typhoid fever –year 3 · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.32, 0.78] | 1 study · 11384 participants | Low |
Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) vs control Cumulative cases of typhoid fever at 2.5 to 3 years · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.3, 0.7] | 1 study · 11384 participants | Low |
Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) vs control Serious adverse events · adults and children of 2 years of age and older Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline vs tetracycline Treatment failure · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | RR 6.85 [0.38, 124.38] | 1 study · 116 participants | Very low |
Macrolides vs doxycycline Serious adverse events · adults and adolescents with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 242 participants | Very low |
Rifampicin vs doxycycline Treatment failure · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 78 participants | Very low |
Rifampicin vs doxycycline Resolution of fever within 48 hours · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [1.1, 2.57] | 1 study · 78 participants | Very low |
Rifampicin vs doxycycline Resolution of fever within 5 days · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rifampicin vs doxycycline Time to defervescence · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 78 participants | Very low |
Rifampicin vs doxycycline Serious adverse events · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline vs tetracycline Resolution of fever within 48 hours · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.9, 1.44] | 1 study · 55 participants | Low |
Doxycycline vs tetracycline Resolution of fever within 5 days · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Doxycycline vs tetracycline Time to defervescence · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 116 participants | Low |
Doxycycline vs tetracycline Serious adverse events · adults with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Macrolides vs doxycycline Treatment failure · adults and adolescents with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.71 [0.12, 63.84] | 3 studies · 242 participants | Very low |
Macrolides vs doxycycline Resolution of fever within 48 hours · adults and adolescents with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.32, 2.03] | 2 studies · 150 participants | Very low |
Macrolides vs doxycycline Resolution of fever within 5 days · adults and adolescents with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.99, 1.1] | 2 studies · 185 participants | Low |
Macrolides vs doxycycline Time to defervescence · adults and adolescents with scrub typhus Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 242 participants | Very low |
Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis All‐cause mortality · people who are HIV‐positive Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.8, 1.43] | 6 studies · 3220 participants | Low |
Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis Cryptococcal disease occurrence · people who are HIV‐positive Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.17, 0.49] | 7 studies · 5000 participants | Moderate |
Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis Mortality due to cryptococcal disease · people who are HIV‐positive Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.11, 0.72] | 5 studies · 3813 participants | Moderate |
Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis Clinical resistance of Candida species to fluconazole · people who are HIV‐positive Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.56, 1.56] | 3 studies · 1198 participants | Low |
Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis Microbiological resistance of Candida to fluconazole: surveillance sampling · people who are HIV‐positive Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [1, 1.55] | 3 studies · 539 participants | Low |
Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis Treatment discontinuation · people who are HIV‐positive Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.91, 1.13] | 4 studies · 2317 participants | Moderate |
Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis Any serious adverse event · people who are HIV‐positive Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.83, 1.41] | 4 studies · 888 participants | Low |
Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis Any adverse events · people who are HIV‐positive Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.88, 1.3] | 4 studies · 2317 participants | Low |
One week of AmBd + 5FC vs two weeks of AmBd + 5FC Mortality: 10 weeks · HIV‐infected individual with first episode of cryptococcal meningitis Treatment for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.42, 0.93] | 1 study · 228 participants | Moderate |
Two weeks of AmBd + FLU + steroids vs two weeks of AmBd + FLU Mortality: 10 weeks · HIV‐infected individual with first episode of cryptococcal meningitis Treatment for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.93, 1.42] | 1 study · 450 participants | High |
One week of AmBd + FLU vs two weeks of AmBd + FLU Mortality: 10 weeks · HIV‐infected individual with first episode of cryptococcal meningitis Treatment for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.88, 1.58] | 1 study · 225 participants | Moderate |
One week of AmBd + FLU vs two weeks of AmBd + 5FC Mortality: 10 weeks · HIV‐infected individual with first episode of cryptococcal meningitis Treatment for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.94, 1.72] | 1 study · 226 participants | Moderate |
One week of AmBd + FLU vs two weeks of 5FC + FLU Mortality: 10 weeks · HIV‐infected individual with first episode of cryptococcal meningitis Treatment for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [1.07, 1.8] | 1 study · 336 participants | Moderate |
Two weeks of FLU vs two weeks of 5FC + FLU Mortality: 10 weeks · HIV‐infected individual with first episode of cryptococcal meningitis Treatment for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.96, 2.23] | 2 studies · 98 participants | Very low |
Two weeks of L‐AmB vs two weeks of AmBd Mortality: 10 weeks · HIV‐infected individual with first episode of cryptococcal meningitis Treatment for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.04, 4.25] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Short‐course L‐AmB + FLU vs two weeks of L‐AmB + FLU Mortality: 10 weeks · HIV‐infected individual with first episode of cryptococcal meningitis Treatment for HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.47, 2.25] | 1 study · 79 participants | Low |