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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinic‐based intervention vs usual care All‐cause mortality · adults with heart failure Disease management interventions for heart failure (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.1] | 7 studies · 1686 participants | Low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs placebo Survival to hospital discharge · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [1.11, 1.86] | 2 studies · 8538 participants | Moderate |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs vasopressin Survival to hospital admission · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [1.04, 1.54] | 3 studies · 1953 participants | Low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs vasopressin Favourable neurological outcomes · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.54, 1.25] | 4 studies · 2406 participants | Very low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs vasopressin Return of spontaneous circulation · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.9, 1.33] | 6 studies · 2531 participants | Very low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs SDA plus vasopressin Survival to hospital discharge · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.47, 1.22] | 3 studies · 3242 participants | Very low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs SDA plus vasopressin Survival to hospital admission · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.83, 1.08] | 3 studies · 3249 participants | Low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs SDA plus vasopressin Favourable neurological outcomes · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.33, 1.31] | 1 study · 2887 participants | Very low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs SDA plus vasopressin Return of spontaneous circulation · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.87, 1.08] | 3 studies · 3249 participants | Low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs placebo Survival to hospital admission · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.51 [1.67, 3.76] | 2 studies · 8489 participants | Moderate |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs placebo Favourable neurological outcomes · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.9, 1.62] | 2 studies · 8535 participants | Low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs placebo Return of spontaneous circulation · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.86 [2.21, 3.71] | 3 studies · 8663 participants | Moderate |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs high‐dose adrenaline (HDA) Survival to hospital discharge · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.75, 1.62] | 10 studies · 6274 participants | Very low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs high‐dose adrenaline (HDA) Survival to hospital admission · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [1.03, 1.24] | 5 studies · 5764 participants | Very low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs high‐dose adrenaline (HDA) Favourable neurological outcomes · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.65, 1.26] | 4 studies · 5803 participants | Very low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs high‐dose adrenaline (HDA) Return of spontaneous circulation · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [1.02, 1.29] | 13 studies · 7014 participants | Very low |
Standard‐dose adrenaline (SDA) vs vasopressin Survival to hospital discharge · people suffering cardiac arrest Adrenaline and vasopressin for cardiac arrest (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 | 6 studies · 2511 participants | Very low |
Quinidine vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.01 [0.84, 4.77] | 6 studies · 1646 participants | Low |
Disopyramide vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.59, 1.01] | 2 studies · 146 participants | Low |
Propafenone vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.02, 1.68] | 2 studies · 212 participants | Very low |
Propafenone vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [1.07, 2.46] | 5 studies · 1098 participants | Moderate |
Propafenone vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.39, 4.47] | 3 studies · 381 participants | Very low |
Propafenone vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propafenone vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.61, 0.74] | 5 studies · 1098 participants | Moderate |
Flecainide vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Flecainide vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 15.41 [0.91, 260] | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Flecainide vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 4.8 [1.3, 17.7] | 4 studies · 511 participants | Moderate |
Flecainide vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [0.11, 39] | 1 study · 362 participants | Low |
Quinidine vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.56 [0.87, 2.78] | 7 studies · 1669 participants | Moderate |
Flecainide vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.55, 0.77] | 4 studies · 511 participants | High |
Metoprolol vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.02 [0.37, 11.1] | 2 studies · 562 participants | Moderate |
Metoprolol vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 3.47 [1.48, 8.1] | 2 studies · 562 participants | High |
Metoprolol vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 18.14 [2.42, 135.6] | 2 studies · 562 participants | High |
Metoprolol vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metoprolol vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.68, 1.02] | 2 studies · 562 participants | Moderate |
Amiodarone vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.66 [0.55, 4.99] | 2 studies · 444 participants | Moderate |
Amiodarone vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 6.7 [1.91, 23.45] | 4 studies · 319 participants | Low |
Amiodarone vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.22 [0.71, 6.96] | 4 studies · 673 participants | Moderate |
Amiodarone vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.3, 4.39] | 1 study · 399 participants | Low |
Quinidine vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.05 [0.95, 4.41] | 7 studies · 1676 participants | High |
Amiodarone vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.46, 0.58] | 6 studies · 812 participants | High |
Dofetilide vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.76, 1.27] | 3 studies · 1183 participants | Moderate |
Dofetilide vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.77 [0.75, 4.2] | 2 studies · 677 participants | Low |
Dofetilide vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 5.5 [1.33, 22.8] | 3 studies · 1183 participants | Moderate |
Dofetilide vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dofetilide vs placebo or no treatment Recurrence of atrial fibrillation · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.61, 0.85] | 3 studies · 1183 participants | Moderate |
Dronedarone vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.68, 1.09] | 3 studies · 6071 participants | High |
Dronedarone vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawals due to adverse effects · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [1.34, 1.85] | 3 studies · 6071 participants | Moderate |
Dronedarone vs placebo or no treatment Proarrhythmia · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [0.77, 4.98] | 2 studies · 5872 participants | Moderate |
Dronedarone vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · adults in sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.47, 0.95] | 2 studies · 5872 participants | High |