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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

806 questions in 76 reviews · ENT

current versions
No studies 293 · 36.4%Ungraded 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo
VAS scores for vertigo after 8 weeks of treatment · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome
Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 40 participantsModerate
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo
Loss or gain of hearing in 4 months (dB) · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome
Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 123 participantsModerate
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo
Cumulative activity score · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome
Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 68 participantsModerate
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo
Change in functional profile in the 8 weeks before and after 4 weeks of treatment · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome
Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 40 participantsModerate
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo
Sick days in 4 months · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome
Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 125 participantsModerate
Virtual reality endoscopic sinus surgery training vs conventional training
Psychomotor score Performance rating scale Scale from: 0 to 10 · surgical trainees
Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 29 participantsVery low
Virtual reality endoscopic sinus surgery training vs conventional training
Procedural score Time to completion of task · surgical trainees
Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 25 participantsLow
Virtual reality temporal bone dissection training vs cadaveric temporal bone dissection training
End‐product score Welling scale Scale from: 0 to 3.5 · surgical trainees
Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 65 participantsLow
Virtual reality temporal bone dissection training vs conventional training
Procedural score Technical step binary scale · medical students
Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 40 participantsLow
Virtual reality temporal bone dissection training vs conventional training
End‐product score Modified Welling scale · medical students
Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 40 participantsLow
Virtual reality endoscopic sinus surgery training vs conventional training
Anatomy score Anatomy identification test Scale from: 0 to 10 · medical students
Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 17 participantsVery low
Capsaicin vs placebo
Overall nasal symptom score 36 weeks post‐treatment · non‐allergic rhinitis
Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsModerate
Capsaicin vs placebo
Daily record chart symptom resolution 4 weeks post‐treatment (capsaicin 4 μg/puff versus placebo) · non‐allergic rhinitis
Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane
RR 3.17 [1.38, 7.29]1 study · 104 participantsLow
Capsaicin vs placebo
Treatment‐related adverse events · non‐allergic rhinitis
Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Capsaicin vs budesonide
Nasal obstruction during the 4th week of treatment Number of responders · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis
Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane
RR 1.11 [0.93, 1.31]1 study · 40 participantsLow
Capsaicin vs budesonide
Aggregate relief score during the 4th week of treatment · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis
Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 40 participantsLow
Capsaicin vs budesonide
Treatment‐related adverse events · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis
Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Five capsaicin treatments in one day vs daily capsaicin treatment
Smell testing University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) Scale from: 0 to 40 · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis
Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 30 participantsModerate
Five capsaicin treatments in one day vs daily capsaicin treatment
Treatment‐related adverse events · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis
Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Disease‐specific quality of life or symptoms [mean total scores at 7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 395 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Adverse events, complications and morbidity associated with (adeno)tonsillectomy and comparators Expressed as the proportion of children experiencing adverse events [12 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 73 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Respiratory events during sleep as measured by the AHI using PSG [mean AHI at 12 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 73 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Adverse events, complications and morbidity associated with (adeno)tonsillectomy and comparators Expressed as the proportion of children experiencing a serious adverse event [7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 397 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Respiratory events during sleep as measured by the AHI using PSG [mean AHI at 7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 407 participantsHigh
Intervention NR
Neurocognitive performance [7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 397 participantsHigh
Intervention NR
Attention [mean NEPSY at 7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 397 participantsHigh
Intervention NR
Behaviour [mean scores at 7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 392 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Adverse events, complications and morbidity associated with (adeno)tonsillectomy and comparators [6 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Respiratory events during sleep as measured by the AHI using PSG [median AI at 6 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Disease‐specific quality of life or symptoms [mean score at 12 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 73 participantsLow
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery
Episodes of sore throat of any severity Including as 1 episode the period post‐surgery) · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted5 studies · 795 participantsModerate
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery
Episodes of moderate/severe sore throat(subgroup of severely affected patients) Including as 1 episode the period post‐surgery) · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 73 participantsLow
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery
Episodes of moderate/severe sore throat(subgroup of moderately affected patients) Not including as 1 episode the period post‐surgery · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 491 participantsModerate
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery
Sore throat days (including those immediately post‐surgery · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted5 studies · 776 participantsModerate
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery
Absence from school or work (standardised to 180 school days or followed up for 5 to 6 months) · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 412 participantsModerate
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery
Complications ‐ results not pooled · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 participantsLow
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery
All‐cause mortality ‐ not reported · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery
Quality of life ‐ results not pooled · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 2 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Patient‐reported disease‐specific symptom scores Symptom score with scale of 0 to 3 (0 = no symptoms, 3 = severe symptoms)
Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 95 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Health‐related quality of life scores, measured by SF‐36 (range 0 to 100)
Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane
MD 0.61 study · 95 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Endoscopic appearances 0 to 3 (0 = no polyps, 3 = severe polyposis)
Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 95 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Complications
Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 95 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Objective physiological measures
Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Olfactory tests
Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Primary outcome: improvement in symptoms (respiratory distress/dyspnoea) · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Primary outcome: improvement in symptoms (voice quality) · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Primary outcome: improvement in quality of life · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Primary outcome: recurrence‐free interval · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Reduction in mortality · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Reduction in number and/or frequency of surgical interventions and/or time until first relapse requiring surgery · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies