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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
806 questions in 76 reviews · ENT
current versionsNo studies 293 · 36.4%Ungraded 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo VAS scores for vertigo after 8 weeks of treatment · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Moderate |
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo Loss or gain of hearing in 4 months (dB) · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 123 participants | Moderate |
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo Cumulative activity score · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Moderate |
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo Change in functional profile in the 8 weeks before and after 4 weeks of treatment · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Moderate |
Positive pressure therapy vs placebo Sick days in 4 months · patients with Ménière's disease or syndrome Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 125 participants | Moderate |
Virtual reality endoscopic sinus surgery training vs conventional training Psychomotor score Performance rating scale Scale from: 0 to 10 · surgical trainees Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 29 participants | Very low |
Virtual reality endoscopic sinus surgery training vs conventional training Procedural score Time to completion of task · surgical trainees Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Low |
Virtual reality temporal bone dissection training vs cadaveric temporal bone dissection training End‐product score Welling scale Scale from: 0 to 3.5 · surgical trainees Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
Virtual reality temporal bone dissection training vs conventional training Procedural score Technical step binary scale · medical students Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 40 participants | Low |
Virtual reality temporal bone dissection training vs conventional training End‐product score Modified Welling scale · medical students Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 40 participants | Low |
Virtual reality endoscopic sinus surgery training vs conventional training Anatomy score Anatomy identification test Scale from: 0 to 10 · medical students Virtual reality training for improving the skills needed for performing surgery of the ear, nose or throat (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Capsaicin vs placebo Overall nasal symptom score 36 weeks post‐treatment · non‐allergic rhinitis Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Moderate |
Capsaicin vs placebo Daily record chart symptom resolution 4 weeks post‐treatment (capsaicin 4 μg/puff versus placebo) · non‐allergic rhinitis Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3.17 [1.38, 7.29] | 1 study · 104 participants | Low |
Capsaicin vs placebo Treatment‐related adverse events · non‐allergic rhinitis Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Capsaicin vs budesonide Nasal obstruction during the 4th week of treatment Number of responders · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.93, 1.31] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Capsaicin vs budesonide Aggregate relief score during the 4th week of treatment · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Capsaicin vs budesonide Treatment‐related adverse events · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Five capsaicin treatments in one day vs daily capsaicin treatment Smell testing University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) Scale from: 0 to 40 · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |
Five capsaicin treatments in one day vs daily capsaicin treatment Treatment‐related adverse events · patients with non‐allergic rhinitis Capsaicin for non‐allergic rhinitis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Disease‐specific quality of life or symptoms [mean total scores at 7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 395 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events, complications and morbidity associated with (adeno)tonsillectomy and comparators Expressed as the proportion of children experiencing adverse events [12 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Respiratory events during sleep as measured by the AHI using PSG [mean AHI at 12 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events, complications and morbidity associated with (adeno)tonsillectomy and comparators Expressed as the proportion of children experiencing a serious adverse event [7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 397 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Respiratory events during sleep as measured by the AHI using PSG [mean AHI at 7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 407 participants | High |
Intervention NR Neurocognitive performance [7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 397 participants | High |
Intervention NR Attention [mean NEPSY at 7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 397 participants | High |
Intervention NR Behaviour [mean scores at 7 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 392 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events, complications and morbidity associated with (adeno)tonsillectomy and comparators [6 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Respiratory events during sleep as measured by the AHI using PSG [median AI at 6 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Disease‐specific quality of life or symptoms [mean score at 12 months] · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical management for obstructive sleep‐disordered… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery Episodes of sore throat of any severity Including as 1 episode the period post‐surgery) · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 795 participants | Moderate |
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery Episodes of moderate/severe sore throat(subgroup of severely affected patients) Including as 1 episode the period post‐surgery) · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery Episodes of moderate/severe sore throat(subgroup of moderately affected patients) Not including as 1 episode the period post‐surgery · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 491 participants | Moderate |
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery Sore throat days (including those immediately post‐surgery · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 776 participants | Moderate |
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery Absence from school or work (standardised to 180 school days or followed up for 5 to 6 months) · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 412 participants | Moderate |
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery Complications ‐ results not pooled · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Low |
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery All‐cause mortality ‐ not reported · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy vs no surgery Quality of life ‐ results not pooled · Children with chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non‐surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Patient‐reported disease‐specific symptom scores Symptom score with scale of 0 to 3 (0 = no symptoms, 3 = severe symptoms) Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life scores, measured by SF‐36 (range 0 to 100) Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane | MD 0.6 | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Endoscopic appearances 0 to 3 (0 = no polyps, 3 = severe polyposis) Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Complications Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Objective physiological measures Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Olfactory tests Surgical versus medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary outcome: improvement in symptoms (respiratory distress/dyspnoea) · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary outcome: improvement in symptoms (voice quality) · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary outcome: improvement in quality of life · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary outcome: recurrence‐free interval · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Reduction in mortality · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Reduction in number and/or frequency of surgical interventions and/or time until first relapse requiring surgery · 23 patients aged two years or older with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |