Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

297 questions · 299 findings · 41 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 31 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 15 · 5%Very low 52 · 17.4%Low 116 · 38.8%Moderate 76 · 25.4%High 9 · 3%

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Necrotising enterocolitis · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Culture‐proven late‐onset sepsis · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

It is very uncertain whether targeted or adjustable individualized fortification changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with standard non‐individualized fortification (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Retinopathy of prematurity · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

It is very uncertain whether targeted or adjustable individualized fortification changes retinopathy of prematurity, any compared with standard non‐individualized fortification (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Presence of osteopenia · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

It is very uncertain whether targeted or adjustable individualized fortification changes osteopenia compared with standard non‐individualized fortification (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids probably leads to lower diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

General conceptual ability (GCA) score at 7 years The test has a standardisation mean of 100 and SD of 15 · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in general conceptual ability (GCA) score at 7 years The test has a… compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Systolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in systolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review