Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

611 questions · 621 findings · 112 reviews

No studies found 53 · 8.5%GRADE not reported 70 · 11.3%Very low 91 · 14.7%Low 216 · 34.8%Moderate 152 · 24.5%High 39 · 6.3%

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Chronic lung disease · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes chronic lung disease compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Necrotising enterocolitis · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – maternal outcomes

Maternal adverse effects of therapy · women at risk of preterm birth

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effects of therapy compared with betamethasone – maternal outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – child outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with betamethasone – fetal/neonatal outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs ibuprofen

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with ibuprofen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Early paracetamol may leads to lower failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Late paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Late paracetamol showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) vs ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) vs ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention

Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (radiological… compared with ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review