Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

332 questions · 398 findings · 53 reviews

No studies found 114 · 28.6%GRADE not reported 115 · 28.9%Very low 66 · 16.6%Low 69 · 17.3%Moderate 30 · 7.5%High 4 · 1%

Electrical conductance devices (electronic caries monitor (ECM) and/or CarieScan Pro), used as an adjunct to clinical oral examination vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Diagnostic odds ratio (overall test accuracy) · Children, adolescents, or adults presenting asymptomatically or suspected of early enamel caries (in vivo), or extracted teeth of…
1 finding from 1 review

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) vs Digital radiographs (direct within-person / paired comparison); reference standard: histology

Specificity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
2 findings from 1 review

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) vs Digital radiographs (direct within-person / paired comparison); reference standard: histology

Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
2 findings from 1 review

Analogue (conventional) radiographs vs Digital radiographs (direct within-person / paired comparison); reference standard: histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination

Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
2 findings from 1 review

CarieScan Pro device vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Specificity · Children, adolescents, or adults presenting asymptomatically or suspected of early enamel caries (in vivo), or extracted teeth of…
1 finding from 1 review

Digital radiographs vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Digital radiographs vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Specificity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Electrical conductance devices (electronic caries monitor (ECM) and/or CarieScan Pro), used as an adjunct to clinical oral examination vs Reference standard: histology or enhanced visual examination (with or without radiographs)

Outcome not reported · Children/adolescents/adults or extracted teeth; target condition = non-cavitated enamel caries on PROXIMAL (approximal) tooth surfaces.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Electrical conductance for the detection of dental caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies)
    No eligible studies. All included studies assessed occlusal surfaces only ('All studies assessed the use of the electrical conductance devices on occlusal surfaces.'); proximal surfaces were a planned surface subgroup…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Radiographic imaging methods (any: analogue radiographs, digital radiographs, or CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Diagnostic accuracy in previously restored teeth (secondary caries) · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Restorations (secondary caries)
    Pre-specified heterogeneity investigation of teeth with previously applied restorations (secondary caries): no study intentionally included restored teeth in its sample. Studies evaluating secondary caries were…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Radiographic examination (bitewing radiographs) vs Reference standard: histology

Sensitivity · Extracted molar teeth of adults with resin composite approximal restorations (in vitro; secondary root caries; Switzerland)
1 finding from 1 review
  • 2 in vitro studies (59 root surfaces) using extracted, restored teeth and a histological reference standard investigated the accuracy of radiographs. Reported estimates of sensitivity ranged from 0.40 to 0.63 and…
    2 studies
    Very low

Radiographic examination (bitewing radiographs) vs Reference standard: histology

Specificity · Extracted molar teeth of adults with resin composite approximal restorations (in vitro; secondary root caries; Switzerland)
1 finding from 1 review
  • 2 in vitro studies (59 root surfaces) using extracted, restored teeth and a histological reference standard investigated the accuracy of radiographs. Reported estimates of sensitivity ranged from 0.40 to 0.63 and…
    2 studies
    Very low

Partial caries removal (single stage; residual dentinal caries sealed into the tooth definitively) vs Complete caries removal

Pulp exposure during caries removal · Patients with carious teeth, affecting any tooth surface(s), in unrestored primary and permanent teeth

Partial caries removal (single stage; residual dentinal caries… probably leads to lower pulp exposure during caries removal compared with complete caries removal (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Partial caries removal (single stage; residual dentinal caries sealed into the tooth definitively) vs Complete caries removal

Restoration failure · Patients with carious teeth, affecting any tooth surface(s), in unrestored primary and permanent teeth

It is very uncertain whether partial caries removal (single stage; residual dentinal caries… changes failure of restorations compared with complete caries removal (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stepwise excavation (two-stage caries removal, re-entry after an interval) vs Complete caries removal

Progression of caries · Patients with carious teeth, affecting any tooth surface(s), in unrestored primary and permanent teeth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

No dentinal caries removal (caries sealed under a preformed metal crown or restoration without removing dentinal caries) vs Complete caries removal

Restoration failure · Patients with carious teeth, affecting any tooth surface(s), in unrestored primary and permanent teeth

No dentinal caries removal (caries sealed under a preformed metal… probably leads to lower failure of restorations compared with complete caries removal (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stepwise excavation (two-stage caries removal, re-entry after an interval) vs Complete caries removal

Pulp exposure during caries removal · Patients with carious teeth, affecting any tooth surface(s), in unrestored primary and permanent teeth

Stepwise excavation (two-stage caries removal, re-entry after an… probably leads to lower pulp exposure during caries removal compared with one stage complete caries removal (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Stepwise excavation (two-stage caries removal, re-entry after an interval) vs Complete caries removal

Signs or symptoms of pulpal disease · Patients with carious teeth, affecting any tooth surface(s), in unrestored primary and permanent teeth

Stepwise excavation (two-stage caries removal, re-entry after an… showed no clear difference in signs or symptoms of pulpal disease compared with one stage complete caries removal (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Partial caries removal (single stage; residual dentinal caries sealed into the tooth definitively) vs Complete caries removal

Signs or symptoms of pulpal disease · Patients with carious teeth, affecting any tooth surface(s), in unrestored primary and permanent teeth

Partial caries removal (single stage; residual dentinal caries… showed no clear difference in signs or symptoms of pulpal disease compared with complete caries removal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

No dentinal caries removal (caries sealed under a preformed metal crown or restoration without removing dentinal caries) vs Complete caries removal

Signs or symptoms of pulpal disease · Patients with carious teeth, affecting any tooth surface(s), in unrestored primary and permanent teeth

No dentinal caries removal (caries sealed under a preformed metal… showed no clear difference in signs or symptoms of pulpal disease compared with complete caries removal (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Tactile sensitivity (method a, ordinal scale) · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) led to lower tactile sensitivity (method a, ordinal scale) compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review