Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,678 questions · 4,859 findings · 283 reviews

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No studies found 1,225 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 215 · 4.4%Very low 1,241 · 25.5%Low 1,210 · 24.9%Moderate 776 · 16%High 192 · 4%

Summary of findings table ‐ Collagen vs silicone punctal plugs

Aqueous tear production · adults with dry eye syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Collagen vs silicone punctal plugs

Tear film stability · adults with dry eye syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Collagen vs silicone punctal plugs

Artificial tear use · adults with dry eye syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Collagen vs silicone punctal plugs

Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Warfarin vs aspirin

All‐cause mortality · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm

Summary of findings: warfarin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with aspirin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.89, 1.13]
4 studies · 3663 participants
Moderate

Warfarin vs aspirin

Non‐fatal cardiovascular events · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm

Summary of findings: warfarin showed no clear difference in non‐fatal cardiovascular events (non‐fatal stroke, myocardial… compared with aspirin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.63, 1]
4 studies · 3663 participants
Moderate

Warfarin vs aspirin

Major bleeding · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm

Summary of findings: warfarin probably leads to higher major bleeding events compared with aspirin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2 [1.44, 2.78]
4 studies · 3663 participants
Moderate

Warfarin vs clopidogrel

All‐cause mortality · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm

Summary of findings: warfarin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with clopidogrel (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.72, 1.21]
1 study · 1064 participants
Low

Warfarin vs clopidogrel

Non‐fatal cardiovascular events · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm

Summary of findings: warfarin showed no clear difference in non‐fatal cardiovascular events (non‐fatal stroke, myocardial… compared with clopidogrel (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.5, 1.45]
1 study · 1064 participants
Low

Warfarin vs clopidogrel

Major bleeding · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm

Summary of findings: warfarin may leads to higher major bleeding events compared with clopidogrel (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.47 [1.24, 4.91]
1 study · 1064 participants
Low

Summary of findings: levodopa vs placebo

Severity of symptoms (rating from 0 = not present to 10 = severe) · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: levodopa vs other dopamine agonists

Total sleep time, next night; · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: levodopa vs other dopamine agonists

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · patients with restless legs syndrome

Summary of findings: levodopa probably leads to lower number of drop outs due to adverse events compared with other dopamine agonists (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.59
3 studies · 504 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: levodopa vs other dopamine agonists

Clinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement of condition (CGI‐I) Rating of 1 = very much improved to 7 = very much worse · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 344 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: levodopa vs other dopamine agonists

Quality of sleep · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 344 participants
Low

Summary of findings: levodopa vs other dopamine agonists

QoL · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 314 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: levodopa vs placebo

Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS Index) PLMS per hour of sleep (8 trials) or time in bed (7 trials) · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 91 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: levodopa vs placebo

Total sleep time, next night; · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 59 participants
Low

Summary of findings: levodopa vs placebo

Dropouts due to adverse events · patients with restless legs syndrome

Summary of findings: levodopa showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.73 [0.05, 11.34]
6 studies · 109 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: levodopa vs placebo

Clinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement of condition (CGI‐I) Rating of 1 = very much improved to 7 = very much worse · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 60 participants
Moderate