Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,097 questions · 1,119 findings · 70 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 271 · 24.2%GRADE not reported 17 · 1.5%Very low 271 · 24.2%Low 349 · 31.2%Moderate 182 · 16.3%High 29 · 2.6%

Extended vs short duration antibiotics

Other infection: septicaemia Time frame: 2 to 6 weeks · solid organ transplant recipients

It is very uncertain whether extended changes other infection: septicaemia Time frame: 30 days compared with short duration antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended vs short duration antibiotics

Other infection: pneumonia Time frame: 30 days · solid organ transplant recipients

It is very uncertain whether extended changes other infection: pneumonia Time frame: 30 days compared with short duration antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended vs short duration antibiotics

Surgical site infections: kidney transplant recipients Time frame: 30 days · solid organ transplant recipients

It is very uncertain whether extended changes surgical site infections: kidney transplant recipients Time frame:… compared with short duration antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children without VUR · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children without VUR compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children with VUR · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children with VUR compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children, in studies with adequate allocation concealment · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

Antibiotic treatment probably leads to lower recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children, in studies with adequate… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Repeat positive urine culture · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic treatment changes repeat positive urine culture compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Microbial resistance to prophylactic drug · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in microbial resistance to prophylactic drug compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes

New onset of diabetes · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) showed no clear difference in new‐onset diabetes mellitus compared with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes

Lymphoma/PTLD · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) showed no clear difference in lymphoma/PTLD compared with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes

Tremor · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) leads to lower tremor compared with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes

Thrombocytopenia · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I) may leads to higher thrombocytopenia compared with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review