Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,368 questions · 1,413 findings · 89 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

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No studies found 232 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 82 · 5.8%Very low 395 · 28%Low 331 · 23.4%Moderate 341 · 24.1%High 32 · 2.3%

'Other' antidepressants vs placebo

Quality of sleep · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for insomnia in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 370 participants
Moderate

'Other' antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for insomnia in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 217 participants
Low

'Other' antidepressants vs placebo

Sleep efficiency · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for insomnia in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 169 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Depression score Scales: Beck Depression Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire Direction: lower better · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 600 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Anxiety score Scales: Beck Anxiety Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale Direction: lower better · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 158 participants
Low

Exercise therapy vs antidepressants

Depression Measured at end of treatment, 26 weeks · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Very low

Exercise therapy vs antidepressants

Depression Long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Present‐centered therapy vs controls

PTSD severity (post‐treatment) ‐ standardized difference · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD

1 finding from 1 review

Present‐centered therapy (PCT) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 290 participants
Moderate

Present‐centered therapy vs controls

Dropout · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD

Present‐centered therapy showed no clear difference in dropout compared with control conditions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Present‐centered therapy (PCT) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.51, 3.29]
3 studies · 290 participants
Low

Present‐centered therapy vs trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy

CAPS PTSD severity (post‐treatment) ‐ mean difference · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD

1 finding from 1 review

Present‐centered therapy (PCT) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 607 participants
Low

Present‐centered therapy vs trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy

PTSD severity (post‐treatment) ‐ standardized difference · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD

1 finding from 1 review

Present‐centered therapy (PCT) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1129 participants
Low

Present‐centered therapy vs trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy

Dropout from treatment (a count of participants not meeting study‐defined completion threshold) · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD

Present‐centered therapy probably leads to lower treatment dropout compared with trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Present‐centered therapy (PCT) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.49, 0.69]
10 studies · 1542 participants
Moderate

Psychological therapies vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (1 to 70) Panic Disorder Severity Scale (0 to 28) Brief Scale for Anxiety (0 to 60) · adults with panic disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 414 participants
Moderate

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): panic frequency Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitive Questionnaire (1 to 70) Fear Questionnaire Agoraphobia Subscale (0 to 14) Brief Scale for Anxiety (0 to 60) STAI ... · adults with panic disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 638 participants
Low

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Leaving the study early · adults with panic disorder

Tricyclic antidepressants probably leads to lower total number of dropouts compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.63, 0.86]
17 studies · 1906 participants
Moderate

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Failure to remit at endpoint · adults with panic disorder

Tricyclic antidepressants may leads to lower failure to remit compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.69, 0.99]
8 studies · 1294 participants
Low

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

panic symptoms · adults with panic disorder

2 findings from 1 review

Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1247 participants
Moderate
Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 70 participants
Very low

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with panic disorder

Tricyclic antidepressants probably leads to higher number of dropouts due to adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [1.33, 2.91]
10 studies · 1641 participants
Moderate

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Outcomes (2‐6 months post‐treatment) · adults with panic disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Failure to respond at endpoint (6‐12 weeks) · adults with panic disorder

Tricyclic antidepressants probably leads to lower failure to respond compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.63, 0.86]
9 studies · 829 participants
Moderate