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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,315 questions · 23,557 findings · 2,311 reviews

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No studies found 4,183 · 17.8%GRADE not reported 3,930 · 16.7%Very low 5,371 · 22.8%Low 5,787 · 24.6%Moderate 3,320 · 14.1%High 966 · 4.1%

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Advice about a healthy diet (including breastfeeding promotion and sugar avoidance) and feeding practices (e.g. relating to bottle-feeding and sleep) for infants and young children vs usual care

Caries presence in primary teeth · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

Advice about a healthy diet (including breastfeeding promotion and… probably leads to lower caries presence in primary teeth compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) vs Consumption of CHX/xylitol gum by women, or CHX varnish applied to women's dentition

Child microbiological presence (any mutans streptococci colonisation) · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age

Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) led to lower child microbiological presence (any mutans streptococci colonisation) compared with consumption of CHX/xylitol gum by women, or CHX varnish applied to…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Control (placebo/no treatment or other topical fluoride agents)

Prevention of new caries (caries development/increment) · Preschool children (primary dentition) at risk of new caries

Limited evidence from two trials suggests SDF may help prevent new caries, but preventive efficacy was not meta-analyzed and remains uncertain (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding promotion and support (e.g. individually tailored home-based peer counselling on the importance of breastfeeding, with advice and support for healthy breastfeeding) vs usual care

Caries presence in primary teeth · For interventions, pregnant and lactating women; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age

Breastfeeding promotion and support (e.g. individually tailored… showed no clear difference in caries presence in primary teeth compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) vs Consumption of CHX/xylitol gum by women, or CHX varnish applied to women's dentition

Mother microbiological presence (mutans streptococci colonisation level, CFU/mL) · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age

Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) led to higher mother microbiological presence (mutans streptococci colonisation… compared with consumption of CHX/xylitol gum by women, or CHX varnish applied to…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Incidence of pressure ulcers · inpatients who are mildly or seriously malnourished or at risk of being malnourished, elderly patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients showed no clear difference in incidence of pressure ulcers compared with standard diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

The proportion of pressure ulcers healed · long‐term care patients; inpatients without dehydration with energy intake by tube feeding; patients with pressure ulcers

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients may leads to higher pressure ulcers healed compared with standard diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Time to complete healing of pressure ulcers ‐ not reported · long‐term care patients; inpatients without dehydration with energy intake by tube feeding; patients with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Change in area/depth/volume of pressure ulcers ‐ not reported · long‐term care patients; inpatients without dehydration with energy intake by tube feeding; patients with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Time to pressure ulcer development · inpatients who are mildly or seriously malnourished or at risk of being malnourished, elderly patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

The proportion of pressure ulcers healed · residents of long‐term care (≥ 65 years) with pressure ulcers; inpatients with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants changes pressure ulcers healed compared with standard diet or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

Time to complete healing of pressure ulcers ‐ not reported · residents of long‐term care (≥ 65 years) with pressure ulcers; inpatients with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Early developmental intervention programmes vs standard follow‐up

Cognitive outcome · preterm infants
3 findings from 1 review